Chủ Nhật, 13 tháng 10, 2024

TỐNG SỬ (QUYỂN 365) NHẠC PHI TRUYỆN (宋史岳飛(卷421)注譯)

岳飛字鵬舉,相州湯陰人。世力農。父和,能節食以濟饑者。有耕侵其地,割而與之;貰其財者不責償。飛生時,有大禽若鵠,飛鳴室上,因以為名。未彌月,河決內黃,水暴至,母姚抱飛坐甕中,衝濤及岸得免,人異之。

Nhạc Phi tự Bằng Cử, người Tương Châu, Thang Âm. Đời đời làm nông. Cha tên Hoà, chịu nhịn ăn để cứu người bị đói. Có kẻ canh tác lấn đất mình, bèn cắt mà đưa cho hắn. Nhạc Hoà cho vay mà không trách đòi trả. Lúc Phi sinh, có chim lớn như chim hộc, đậu trên thất mà kêu, nên đặt tên là Phi. Chưa đầy một tháng, Hoàng Hà lụt Nội Hoàng, nước ập đến, mẹ là bà Diêm ôm Phi ngồi trong cái lu, sóng cả cuốn đi đưa hai mẹ con vào bờ, người đời lấy làm lạ.

少負氣節,沈厚寡言,家貧力學,尤好左氏春秋、孫吳兵法。生有神力,未冠,挽弓三百斤,弩八石。學射於周同,盡其術,能左右射。同死,朔望設祭於其冢。父義之,曰:「汝為時用,其徇國死義乎。」


Phi lúc nhỏ trọng khi tiết, thâm trầm đôn hậu ít nói, nhà nghèo nhưng nổ lực học, đặc biệt thích Tả truyện xuân thu, Tôn tử binh pháp. Sinh ra đã có thần lực. Lúc chưa làm quan, đã có thể kéo cung ba trăm cân, nỏ tám thạch. Học bắn cung từ Chu Đồng, học hết thuật của Đồng, có thể bắn bằng tay trái và phải. Đồng chết, ngày sóc vọng thiết lễ tế ở mộ Đồng. Cha thấy Phi thủ nghĩa, nói: "Con gặp thời được dùng, sẽ tuẫn quốc tử nghĩa đây!"

 

宣和四年,真定宣撫劉韐募敢戰士,飛應募。相有劇賊陶俊、賈進和,[1]飛請百騎滅之。遣卒偽為商入賊境,賊掠以充部伍。飛遣百人伏山下,自領數十騎逼賊壘。賊出戰,飛陽北,賊來追之,伏兵起,先所遣卒擒俊及進和以歸。


Tuyên Hoà năm thứ tư, Chân Định Tuyên Võ Lưu Các mộ quân sỹ cảm chiến, Phi ứng mộ. Nhân đấy có giặc chiếm cứ tên Đào Tuấn, Giả Tiến Hoà. Phi xin một trăm kỵ đi diệt chúng. Sai sỹ tốt giả làm thương nhân thâm nhập vào vùng địch, tặc cướp họ sung vào bộ ngũ. Phi sai năm trăm người mai phục dưới núi, tự lĩnh vài chục kỵ bức sát luỹ địch. Tặc xuất chiến, Phi giả vờ rút, tặc truy đuổi theo, phục binh nổi lên, những sỹ tốt sai đi trưóc đó bắt Tuấn và Tiến Hoà đem về.

 

康王至相,飛因劉浩見,命招賊吉倩,倩以眾三百八十人降。補承信郎。以鐵騎三百往李固渡嘗敵,敗之。從浩解東京圍,與敵相持於滑南,領百騎習兵河上。敵猝至,飛麾其徒曰:「敵雖眾,未知吾虛實,當及其未定擊之。」乃獨馳迎敵。有梟將舞刀而前,飛斬之,敵大敗。遷秉義郎,隸留守宗澤。戰開德、曹州皆有功,澤大奇之,曰:「爾勇智才藝,古良將不能過,然好野戰,非萬全計。」因授以陣圖。飛曰:「陣而後戰,兵法之常,運用之妙,存乎一心。」澤是其言。


Khang Vương đến Tương Châu, Phi nhân có Lưu Hạo diện kiến, mệnh chiêu dụ Cát Thanh. Cát Thanh lấy ba trăm tám mươi người hàng. Phi được làm Thừa Tín Lang, lấy ba trăm thiết kỵ đến bến Lý Cố do thám địch, đánh bại chúng. Theo Lý Hạo giải vây Đông Kinh, cùng địch trì nhau ở Hoạt Nam, lĩnh một tr8m kỵ luyện binh trên sông. Địch đột nhiên tới, Phi chỉ huy bộ hạ nói: "Địch tuy đông, nhưng chưa biết thực hư của ta, đương lúc chúng chưa ổn định mà đánh chúng." Bèn một mình ruổi ngựa đón địch. Có dũng tướng múa đao tiên lên, Phi chém hắn, địch đại bại. Dời làm Bĩnh Nghĩa Lang, thuộc quân của Lưu Thủ Tông Trạch. Chiến ở Khai Đức, Tào Châu, đều có công. Trạch cảm thấy Phi kỳ lạ, nói: "Ngươi dũng trí tài nghệ, lương tướng đời cổ cũng không hơn được, nhưng ngươi lại thích dã chiến, không phải kế vẹn toàn." Bèn nhân đấy đưa cho trận đồ, Phi nói: "Bày trận rồi sau chiến, phép thường của binh pháp, vận dụng khéo léo, nằm ở trong tâm. Tông Trạch tán thành lời ấy.

 

康王即位,飛上書數千言,大略謂:「陛下已登大寶,社稷有主,已足伐敵之謀,而勤王之師日集,彼方謂吾素弱,宜乘其怠擊之。黃潛善、汪伯彥輩不能承聖意恢復,奉車駕日益南,恐不足繫中原之望。臣願陛下乘敵穴未固,親率六軍北渡,則將士作氣,中原可復。」書聞,以越職奪官歸。


Khang Vương lên ngôi, Phi dâng thư vài nghìn lời, đại lược nói: "Bệ hạ đã lên ngôi báu, xã tắc có chủ, nay đủ để thảo phạt âm mưu địch, mà quân sư cần vương ngày ngày tề tụ, bọn kia nói ta vốn yếu, nên thừa lúc chúng đắc chí mà đánh. Bọn Hoàng Tiềm Thiện, Uông Bá Ngạn không thể thừa thánh ý khôi phục, phụng xa giá ngày ngày vào nam, sợ không đủ để cố kết nhân vọng trung nguyên. Thần mong bệ hạ thừa cơ sào huyệt tặc chưa vững, thân soãi lĩnh sáu quân bắc độ, thì sỹ khí phấn chấn, trung nguyên có thể khôi phục." Hoàng thượng đọc thư xong, cho là vượt chức bãi quan Phi.

 

詣河北招討使張所,所待以國士,借補修武郎,充中軍統領。所問曰:「汝能敵幾何?」飛曰:「勇不足恃,用兵在先定謀,欒枝曳柴以敗荊,莫敖采樵以致絞,皆謀定也。」所矍然曰:「君殆非行伍中人。」飛因說之曰:「國家都汴,恃河北以為固。苟馮據要衝,峙列重鎮,一城受圍,則諸城或撓或救,金人不能窺河南,而京師根本之地固矣。招撫誠能提兵壓境,飛唯命是從。」所大喜,借補武經郎。


Phi yết kiến Hà Bắc Chiêu Thảo Sứ Trương Sở, Sở đối đãi Phi như quốc sỹ, cho làm Tá Bổ Võ Lang, Sung Trung Quân Đô Lĩnh, Sở hỏi: "Ngươi có thể địch lại bao nhiêu người?" Phi đáp: "Dũng thôi không đủ cậy nhờ, dụng binh nằm ở chỗ định mưu, Loan Chi quét cũi mà đánh bại Kinh (nước Sở), Mạc nhặt cũi mà đánh bại nước Giảo, đều là định mưu vậy." Sở kinh ngạc nói: "Ngài không phải người thường trong quân ngũ." Phi nhân đó nói: "Kinh đô Biện của quốc gia, cậy vào sự kiên cố của Hà Bắc. Nếu địch chiếm cứ tug hoành, trọng trấn liền kề sừng sửng, một thành bị vây, thì các thành khác hoặc quấy nhiễu hoặc cứu viện, người Kim không thể nhòm ngó Hà Nam, mà đất căn bổn của kinh sư vững chắc. Chiêu Thảo nếu thành thất đề binh áp sát cảnh giới địch, Phi duy mệnh nghe theo." Sở mừng lắm, cho làm Tá Bổ Võ Kinh Lang.

 

命從王彥渡河,至新鄉,金兵盛,彥不敢進。飛獨引所部鏖戰,奪其纛而舞,諸軍爭奮,遂拔新鄉。翌日,戰侯兆川,身被十餘創,士皆死戰,又敗之。夜屯石門山下,或傳金兵復至,一軍皆驚,飛堅臥不動,金兵卒不來。食盡,走彥壁乞糧,彥不許。飛引兵益北,戰于太行山,擒金將拓跋耶烏。居數日,復遇敵,飛單騎持丈八鐵槍,刺殺黑風大王,敵眾敗走。飛自知與彥有隙,復歸宗澤,為留守司統制。澤卒,杜充代之,飛居故職。

 

二年,戰胙城,又戰黑龍潭,皆大捷。從閭勍保護陵寢,大戰汜水關,射殪金將,大破其眾。駐軍竹蘆渡,與敵相持,選精銳三百伏前山下,令各以薪芻交縛兩束,夜半,爇四端而舉之。金人疑援兵至,驚潰。

 

三年,賊王善、[2]曹成、孔彥舟等合眾五十萬,薄南薰門。飛所部僅八百,眾懼不敵,飛曰:「吾為諸君破之。」左挾弓,右運矛,橫衝其陣,賊亂,大敗之。又擒賊杜叔五、孫海于東明。借補英州刺史。王善圍陳州,飛戰于清河,擒其將孫勝、孫清,授真刺史。

 

杜充將還建康,飛曰:「中原地尺寸不可棄,今一舉足,此地非我有,他日欲復取之,非數十萬眾不可。」充不聽,遂與俱歸。師次鐵路步,遇賊張用,至六合遇李成,與戰,皆敗之。成遣輕騎劫憲臣犒軍銀帛,飛進兵掩擊之,成奔江西。時命充守建康,金人與成合寇烏江,充閉門不出。飛泣諫請視師,充竟不出。金人遂由馬家渡渡江,充遣飛等迎戰,王𤫉先遁,諸將皆潰,獨飛力戰。

 

會充已降金,諸將多行剽掠,惟飛軍秋毫無所犯。兀朮趨杭州,飛要擊至廣德境中,六戰皆捷,擒其將王權,俘簽軍首領四十餘。察其可用者,結以恩遣還,令夜斫營縱火,飛乘亂縱擊,大敗之。駐軍鍾村,軍無見糧,將士忍饑,不敢擾民。金所籍兵相謂曰:「此岳爺爺軍。」爭來降附。

 

四年,兀朮攻常州,宜興令迎飛移屯焉。盜郭吉聞飛來,遁入湖,飛遣王貴、傅慶追破之,又遣辯士馬皋、林聚盡降其眾。有張威武者不從,飛單騎入其營,斬之。避地者賴以免,圖飛像祠之。

 

金人再攻常州,飛四戰皆捷;尾襲於鎮江東,又捷;戰于清水亭,又大捷,橫屍十五里。兀朮趨建康,飛設伏牛頭山待之。夜,令百人黑衣混金營中擾之,金兵驚,自相攻擊。兀朮次龍灣,飛以騎三百、步兵二千馳至新城,大破之。兀朮奔淮西,遂復建康。飛奏:「建康為要害之地,宜選兵固守,仍益兵守淮,拱護腹心。」帝嘉納。兀朮歸,飛邀擊于靜安,敗之。

 

詔討戚方,飛以三千人營于苦嶺。方遁,俄益兵來,飛自領兵千人,戰數十合,皆捷。會張俊兵至,方遂降。范宗尹言張俊自浙西來,盛稱飛可用,遷通、泰鎮撫使兼知泰州。飛辭,乞淮南東路一重難任使,收復本路州郡,乘機漸進,使山東、河北、河東、京畿等路次第而復。

 

會金攻楚急,詔張俊援之。俊辭,乃遣飛行,而命劉光世出兵援飛。飛屯三墪為楚援,尋抵承州,三戰三捷,殺高太保,俘酋長七十餘人。光世等皆不敢前,飛師孤力寡,楚遂陷。詔飛還守通、泰,有旨可守即守,如不可,但於沙洲保護百姓,伺便掩擊。飛以泰無險可恃,退保柴墟,戰于南霸橋,金大敗。渡百姓於沙上,飛以精騎二百殿,金兵不敢近。飛以泰州失守待罪。

 

紹興元年,張俊請飛同討李成。時成將馬進犯洪州,連營西山。飛曰:「賊貪而不慮後,若以騎兵自上流絕生米渡,出其不意,破之必矣。」飛請自為先鋒,俊大喜。飛重鎧躍馬,潛出賊右,突其陣,所部從之。進大敗,走筠州。飛抵城東,賊出城,布陣十五里,飛設伏,以紅羅為幟,上刺「岳」字,選騎二百隨幟而前。賊易其少,薄之,伏發,賊敗走。飛使人呼曰:「不從賊者坐,吾不汝殺。」坐而降者八萬餘人。進以餘卒奔成于南康。飛夜引兵至朱家山,又斬其將趙萬。成聞進敗,自引兵十餘萬來。飛與遇於樓子莊,大破成軍,追斬進。成走蘄州,降偽齊。

 

張用寇江西,用亦相人,飛以書諭之曰:「吾與汝同里,南薰門、鐵路步之戰,皆汝所悉。今吾在此,欲戰則出,不戰則降。」用得書曰:「果吾父也。」遂降。

 

江、淮平,俊奏飛功第一,加神武右軍副統制,留洪州,彈壓盜賊,授親衞大夫、建州觀察使。建寇范汝為陷邵武,江西安撫李回檄飛分兵保建昌軍及撫州,飛遣人以「岳」字幟植城門,賊望見,相戒勿犯。賊黨姚達、饒青逼建昌,飛遣王萬、徐慶討擒之。升神武副軍都統制。

 

二年,賊曹成擁眾十餘萬,由江西歷湖湘,據道、賀二州。命飛權知潭州,兼權荊湖東路安撫都總管,付金字牌、黃旗招成。成聞飛將至,驚曰:「岳家軍來矣。」即分道而遁。飛至茶陵,奉詔招之,成不從。飛奏:「比年多命招安,故盜力強則肆暴,力屈則就招,苟不略加剿除,蠭起之眾未可遽殄。」許之。

 

飛入賀州境,得成諜者,縛之帳下。飛出帳調兵食,吏曰:「糧盡矣,奈何?」飛陽曰:「姑反茶陵。」已而顧諜若失意狀,頓足而入,陰令逸之。諜歸告成,成大喜,期翌日來追。飛命士蓐食,潛趨遶嶺,未明,已至太平場,破其砦。成據險拒飛,飛麾兵掩擊,賊大潰。成走據北藏嶺、上梧關,遣將迎戰,飛不陣而鼓,士爭奮,奪二隘據之。成又自桂嶺置砦至北藏嶺,連控隘道,親以眾十餘萬守蓬頭嶺。飛部才八千,一鼓登嶺,破其眾,成奔連州。飛謂張憲等曰:「成黨散去,追而殺之,則脅從者可憫,縱之則復聚為盜。今遣若等誅其酋而撫其眾,慎勿妄殺,累主上保民之仁。」於是憲自賀、連,徐慶自邵、道,王貴自郴、桂,招降者二萬,與飛會連州。進兵追成,成走宣撫司降。時以盛夏行師瘴地,撫循有方,士無一人死癘者,嶺表平。授武安軍承宣使,屯江州。甫入境,安撫李回檄飛捕劇賊馬友、郝通、劉忠、李通、李宗亮、張式,皆平之。

 

三年春,召赴行在。江西宣諭劉大中奏:「飛兵有紀律,人恃以安,今赴行在,恐盜復起。」不果行。時虔、吉盜連兵寇掠循、梅、廣、惠、英、韶、南雄、南安、建昌、汀、邵武諸郡,帝乃專命飛平之。飛至虔州,固石洞賊彭友悉眾至雩都迎戰,躍馬馳突,飛麾兵即馬上擒之,餘酋退保固石洞。洞高峻環水,止一徑可入。飛列騎山下,令皆持滿,黎明,遣死士疾馳登山,賊眾亂,棄山而下,騎兵圍之。賊呼丐命,飛令勿殺,受其降。授徐慶等方略,捕諸郡餘賊,皆破降之。初,以隆祐震驚之故,密旨令飛屠虔城。飛請誅首惡而赦脅從,不許;請至三四,帝乃曲赦。人感其德,繪像祠之。餘寇高聚、張成犯袁州,飛遣王貴平之。

 

秋,入見,帝手書「精忠岳飛」字,製旗以賜之。授鎮南軍承宣使、江南西路沿江制置使,又改神武後軍都統制,仍制置使,李山、吳全、吳錫、李橫、牛皋皆隸焉。

 

偽齊遣李成挾金人入侵,破襄陽、唐、鄧、隨、郢諸州及信陽軍,湖寇楊么亦與偽齊通,欲順流而下,李成又欲自江西陸行,趨兩浙與么會。帝命飛為之備。

 

四年,除兼荊南、鄂岳州制置使。飛奏:「襄陽等六郡為恢復中原基本,今當先取六郡,以除心膂之病。李成遠遁,然後加兵湖湘,以殄羣盜。」帝以諭趙鼎,鼎曰:「知上流利害,無如飛者。」遂授黃復州、漢陽軍、德安府制置使。飛渡江中流,顧幕屬曰:「飛不擒賊,不涉此江。」抵郢州城下,偽將京超號「萬人敵」,乘城拒飛。飛鼓眾而登,超投崖死,復郢州,遣張憲、徐慶復隨州。飛趣襄陽,李成迎戰,左臨襄江,飛笑曰:「步兵利險阻,騎兵利平曠。成左列騎江岸,右列步平地,雖眾十萬何能為。」舉鞭指王貴曰:「爾以長槍步卒擊其騎兵。」指牛皋曰:「爾以騎兵擊其步卒。」合戰,馬應槍而斃,後騎皆擁入江,步卒死者無數,成夜遁,復襄陽。劉豫益成兵屯新野,飛與王萬夾擊之,連破其眾。

 

飛奏:「金賊所愛惟子女金帛,志已驕惰;劉豫僭偽,人心終不忘宋。如以精兵二十萬,直擣中原,恢復故疆,誠易為力。襄陽、隨、郢地皆膏腴,苟行營田,其利為厚。臣候糧足,即過江北剿戮敵兵。」時方重深入之舉,而營田之議自是興矣。

 

進兵鄧州,成與金將劉合孛堇列砦拒飛。飛遣王貴、張憲掩擊,賊眾大潰,劉合孛堇僅以身免。賊黨高仲退保鄧城,飛引兵一鼓拔之,擒高仲,復鄧州。帝聞之,喜曰:「朕素聞岳飛行軍有紀律,未知能破敵如此。」又復唐州、信陽軍。

 

襄漢平,飛辭制置使,乞委重臣經畫荊襄,不許。趙鼎奏:「湖北鄂、岳最為上流要害,乞令飛屯鄂、岳,不惟江西藉其聲勢,湖、廣、江、浙亦獲安妥。」乃以隨、郢、唐、鄧、信陽並為襄陽府路隸飛,飛移屯鄂,授清遠軍節度使、湖北路、荊、襄、潭州制置使,封武昌縣開國子。

 

兀朮、劉豫合兵圍廬州,帝手札命飛解圍,提兵趨廬,偽齊已驅甲騎五千逼城。飛張「岳」字旗與「精忠」旗,金兵一戰而潰,廬州平。飛奏:「襄陽等六郡人戶闕牛、糧,乞量給官錢,免官私逋負,州縣官以招集流亡為殿最。」

 

五年,入覲,封母國夫人;授飛鎮寧、崇信軍節度使,湖北路、荊襄潭州制置使,進封武昌郡開國侯;又除荊湖南北、襄陽路制置使,神武後軍都統制,命招捕楊么。飛所部皆西北人,不習水戰,飛曰:「兵何常,顧用之何如耳。」先遣使招諭之。賊黨黃佐曰:「岳節使號令如山,若與之敵,萬無生理,不如往降。節使誠信,必善遇我。」遂降。飛表授佐武義大夫,單騎按其部,拊佐背曰:「子知逆順者。果能立功,封侯豈足道?欲復遣子至湖中,視其可乘者擒之,可勸者招之,如何?」佐感泣,誓以死報。

 

時張浚以都督軍事至潭,參政席益與浚語,疑飛玩寇,欲以聞。浚曰:「岳侯,忠孝人也,兵有深機,胡可易言?」益慙而止。黃佐襲周倫砦,殺倫,擒其統制陳貴等。飛上其功,遷武功大夫。[3]統制任士安不稟王𤫉令,軍以此無功。飛鞭士安使餌賊,曰:「三日賊不平,斬汝。」士安宣言:「岳太尉兵二十萬至矣。」賊見止士安軍,併力攻之。飛設伏,士安戰急,伏四起擊賊,賊走。

 

會召浚還防秋,飛袖小圖示浚,浚欲俟來年議之。飛曰:「已有定畫,都督能少留,不八日可破賊。」浚曰:「何言之易?」飛曰:「王四廂以王師攻水寇則難,飛以水寇攻水寇則易。水戰我短彼長,以所短攻所長,所以難。若因敵將用敵兵,奪其手足之助,離其腹心之託,使孤立,而後以王師乘之,八日之內,當俘諸酋。」浚許之。

 

飛遂如鼎州。黃佐招楊欽來降,飛喜曰:「楊欽驍悍,既降,賊腹心潰矣。」表授欽武義大夫,禮遇甚厚,乃復遣歸湖中。兩日,欽說余端、劉詵[4]等降,飛詭罵欽曰:「賊不盡降,何來也?」杖之,復令入湖。是夜,掩賊營,降其眾數萬。么負固不服,方浮舟湖中,以輪激水,其行如飛,旁置撞竿,官舟迎之輒碎。飛伐君山木為巨筏,塞諸港汊,又以腐木亂草浮上流而下,擇水淺處,遣善罵者挑之,且行且罵。賊怒來追,則草木壅積,舟輪礙不行。飛亟遣兵擊之,賊奔港中,為筏所拒。官軍乘筏,張牛革以蔽矢石,舉巨木撞其舟,盡壞。么投水,牛皋擒斬之。飛入賊壘,餘酋驚曰:「何神也!」俱降。飛親行諸砦慰撫之,縱老弱歸田,籍少壯為軍,果八日而賊平。浚嘆曰:「岳侯神算也。」初,賊恃其險曰:「欲犯我者,除是飛來。」至是,人以其言為讖。獲賊舟千餘,鄂渚水軍為沿江之冠。詔兼蘄、黃制置使,飛以目疾乞辭軍事,不許,加檢校少保,進封公。還軍鄂州,除荊湖南北、襄陽路招討使。

 

六年,太行山忠義社梁興等百餘人,慕飛義率眾來歸。飛入覲,面陳:「襄陽自收復後未置監司,州縣無以按察。」帝從之,以李若虛為京西南路提舉兼轉運、提刑,又令湖北、襄陽府路自知州、通判以下賢否,許飛得自黜陟。

 

張浚至江上會諸大帥,獨稱飛與韓世忠可倚大事,命飛屯襄陽,以窺中原,曰:「此君素志也。」飛移軍京西,改武勝、定國軍節度使,除宣撫副使,置司襄陽。命往武昌調軍。居母憂,降制起復,飛扶櫬還廬山,連表乞終喪,不許,累詔趣起,及就軍。又命宣撫河東,節制河北路。首遣王貴等攻虢州,下之,獲糧十五萬石,降其眾數萬。張浚曰:「飛措畫甚大,令已至伊、洛,則太行一帶山砦,必有應者。」飛遣楊再興進兵至長水縣,再戰皆捷,中原響應。又遣人焚蔡州糧。

 

九月,劉豫遣子麟、姪猊分道寇淮西,[5]劉光世欲舍廬州,張俊欲棄盱眙,同奏召飛以兵東下,欲使飛當其鋒,而己得退保。張浚謂:「岳飛一動,則襄漢何所制?」力沮其議。帝慮俊、光世不足任,命飛東下。飛自破曹成、平楊么,凡六年,皆盛夏行師,致目疾,至是,甚;聞詔即日啟行,未至,麟敗。飛奏至,帝語趙鼎曰:「劉麟敗北不足喜,諸將知尊朝廷為可喜。」遂賜札,言:「敵兵已去淮,卿不須進發,其或襄、鄧、陳、蔡有機可乘,從長措置。」飛乃還軍。時偽齊屯兵窺唐州,飛遣王貴、董先等攻破之,焚其營。奏圖蔡以取中原,不許。飛召貴等還。

 

七年,入見,帝從容問曰:「卿得良馬否?」飛曰:「臣有二馬,日啖芻豆數斗,飲泉一斛,然非精潔則不受。介而馳,初不甚疾,比行百里始奮迅,自午至酉,猶可二百里。褫鞍甲而不息不汗,若無事然。此其受大而不苟取,力裕而不求逞,致遠之材也。不幸相繼以死。今所乘者,日不過數升,而秣不擇粟,飲不擇泉,攬轡未安,踊踴疾驅,甫百里,力竭汗喘,殆欲斃然。此其寡取易盈,好逞易窮,駑鈍之材也。」帝稱善,曰:「卿今議論極進。」拜太尉,繼除宣撫使兼營田大使。從幸建康,以王德、酈瓊兵隸飛,詔諭德等曰:「聽飛號令,如朕親行。」

 

飛數見帝,論恢復之略。又手疏言:「金人所以立劉豫於河南,[6]蓋欲荼毒中原,以中國攻中國,粘罕因得休兵觀釁。臣欲陛下假臣月日,便則提兵趨京、洛,據河陽、陝府、潼關,以號召五路叛將。叛將既還,遣王師前進,彼必棄汴而走河北,京畿、陝右可以盡復。然後分兵濬、滑,經略兩河,如此則劉豫成擒,金人可滅,社稷長久之計,實在此舉。」帝答曰:「有臣如此,顧復何憂,進止之機,朕不中制。」又召至寢閤命之曰:「中興之事,一以委卿。」命節制光州。

 

飛方圖大舉,會秦檜主和,遂不以德、瓊兵隸飛。詔詣都督府與張浚議事,浚謂飛曰:「王德淮西軍所服,浚欲以為都統,而命呂祉以督府參謀領之,如何?」飛曰:「德與瓊素不相下,一旦揠之在上,則必爭。呂尚書不習軍旅,恐不足服眾。」浚曰:「張宣撫如何?」飛曰:「暴而寡謀,尤瓊所不服。」浚曰:「然則楊沂中爾?」飛曰:「沂中視德等爾,[7]豈能馭此軍?」浚艴然曰:「浚固知非太尉不可。」飛曰:「都督以正問飛,不敢不盡其愚,豈以得兵為念耶?」即日上章乞解兵柄,終喪服,以張憲攝軍事,步歸,廬母墓側。浚怒,奏以張宗元為宣撫判官,監其軍。

 

帝累詔趣飛還職,飛力辭,詔幕屬造廬以死請,凡六日,飛趨朝待罪,帝慰遣之。宗元還言:「將和士銳,人懷忠孝,皆飛訓養所致。」帝大悅。飛奏:「比者寢閤之命,咸謂聖斷已堅,何至今尚未決?臣願提兵進討,順天道,因人心,以曲直為老壯,以逆順為強弱,萬全之効可必。」又奏:「錢塘僻在海隅,非用武地。願陛下建都上游,用漢光武故事,親率六軍,往來督戰。庶將士知聖意所向,人人用命。」未報而酈瓊叛,浚始悔。飛復奏:「願進屯淮甸,伺便擊瓊,期於破滅。」不許,詔駐師江州為淮、浙援。

 

飛知劉豫結粘罕,而兀朮惡劉豫,可以間而動。會軍中得兀朮諜者,飛陽責之曰:「汝非吾軍中人張斌耶?吾向遣汝至齊,約誘至四太子,汝往不復來。吾繼遣人問,齊已許我,今冬以會合寇江為名,致四太子于清河。汝所持書竟不至,何背我耶?」諜冀緩死,即詭服。乃作蠟書,言與劉豫同謀誅兀朮事,因謂諜曰:「吾今貸汝。」復遣至齊,問舉兵期,刲股納書,戒勿泄。諜歸,以書示兀朮,兀朮大驚,馳白其主,遂廢豫。飛奏:「宜乘廢豫之際,擣其不備,長驅以取中原。」不報。

 

八年,還軍鄂州。王庶視師江、淮,飛與庶書:「今歲若不舉兵,當納節請閑。」庶甚壯之。秋,召赴行在,命詣資善堂見皇太子。飛退而喜曰:「社稷得人矣,中興基業,其在是乎?」會金遣使將歸河南地,飛言:「金人不可信,和好不可恃,相臣謀國不臧,恐貽後世譏。」檜銜之。

 

九年,以復河南,大赦。飛表謝,寓和議不便之意,有「唾手燕雲,復讎報國」之語。授開府儀同三司,飛力辭,謂:「今日之事,可危而不可安;可憂而不可賀;可訓兵飭士,謹備不虞,而不可論功行賞,取笑敵人。」三詔不受,帝溫言奬諭,乃受。會遣士㒟謁諸陵,飛請以輕騎從洒埽,實欲觀釁以伐謀。又奏:「金人無事請和,此必有肘腋之虞,名以地歸我,實寄之也。」檜白帝止其行。

 

十年,金人攻拱、亳,劉錡告急,命飛馳援,飛遣張憲、姚政赴之。帝賜札曰:「設施之方,一以委卿,朕不遙度。」飛乃遣王貴、牛皋、董先、楊再興、孟邦傑、李寶等,分布經略西京、汝、鄭、潁昌、陳、曹、光、蔡諸郡;又命梁興渡河,糾合忠義社,取河東、北州縣。又遣兵東援劉錡,西援郭浩,自以其軍長驅以闞中原。將發,密奏言:「先正國本以安人心,然後不常厥居,以示無忘復讎之意。」帝得奏,大褒其忠,授少保,河南府路、陝西、河東北路招討使,尋改河南、北諸路招討使。未幾,所遣諸將相繼奏捷。大軍在潁昌,諸將分道出戰,飛自以輕騎駐郾城,兵勢甚銳。

 

兀朮大懼,會龍虎大王議,以為諸帥易與,獨飛不可當,欲誘致其師,併力一戰。中外聞之,大懼,詔飛審處自固。飛曰:「金人伎窮矣。」乃日出挑戰,且罵之。兀朮怒,合龍虎大王、蓋天大王與韓常之兵逼郾城。飛遣子雲領騎兵直貫其陣,戒之曰:「不勝,先斬汝!」鏖戰數十合,賊屍布野。

 

初,兀朮有勁軍,皆重鎧,貫以韋索,三人為聯,號「拐子馬」,官軍不能當。是役也,以萬五千騎來,飛戒步卒以麻札刀入陣,勿仰視,第斫馬足。拐子馬相連,一馬仆,二馬不能行,官軍奮擊,遂大敗之。兀朮大慟曰:「自海上起兵,皆以此勝,今已矣!」兀朮益兵來,部將王剛以五十騎覘敵,遇之,奮斬其將。飛時出視戰地,望見黃塵蔽天,自以四十騎突戰,敗之。

 

方郾城再捷,飛謂雲曰:「賊屢敗,必還攻潁昌,汝宜速援王貴。」既而兀朮果至,貴將遊奕、雲將背嵬戰于城西。雲以騎兵八百挺前決戰,步軍張左右翼繼之,殺兀朮婿夏金吾、副統軍粘罕索孛堇,兀朮遁去。

 

梁興會太行忠義及兩河豪傑等,累戰皆捷,中原大震。飛奏:「興等過河,人心願歸朝廷。金兵累敗,兀朮等皆令老少北去,正中興之機。」飛進軍朱仙鎮,距汴京四十五里,與兀朮對壘而陣,遣驍將以背嵬騎五百奮擊,大破之,兀朮遁還汴京。飛檄陵臺令行視諸陵,葺治之。

 

先是,紹興五年,飛遣梁興等布德意,招結兩河豪傑,山砦韋銓、孫謀等歛兵固堡,以待王師,李通、胡清、李寶、李興、張恩、孫琪等舉眾來歸。金人動息,山川險要,一時皆得其實。盡磁、相、開德、澤、潞、晉、絳、汾、隰之境,皆期日興兵,與官軍會。其所揭旗以「岳」為號,父老百姓爭挽車牽牛,載糗糧以餽義軍,頂盆焚香迎候者,充滿道路。自燕以南,金號令不行,兀朮欲簽軍以抗飛,河北無一人從者。乃嘆曰:「自我起北方以來,未有如今日之挫衂。」金帥烏陵思謀素號桀黠,亦不能制其下,但諭之曰:「毋輕動,俟岳家軍來即降。」金統制王鎮、統領崔慶、將官李覬崔虎華旺等皆率所部降,以至禁衞龍虎大王下忔查千戶高勇之屬,皆密受飛旗牓,自北方來降。金將軍韓常欲以五萬眾內附。飛大喜,語其下曰:「直抵黃龍府,與諸君痛飲爾!」

 

方指日渡河,而檜欲畫淮以北棄之,風臺臣請班師。飛奏:「金人銳氣沮喪,盡棄輜重,疾走渡河,豪傑向風,士卒用命,時不再來,機難輕失。」檜知飛志銳不可回,乃先請張俊、楊沂中等歸,而後言飛孤軍不可久留,乞令班師。一日奉十二金字牌,飛憤惋泣下,東向再拜曰:「十年之力,廢於一旦。」飛班師,民遮馬慟哭,訴曰:「我等戴香盆、運糧草以迎官軍,金人悉知之。相公去,我輩無噍類矣。」飛亦悲泣,取詔示之曰:「吾不得擅留。」哭聲震野,飛留五日以待其徙,從而南者如市,亟奏以漢上六郡閒田處之。

 

方兀朮棄汴去,有書生叩馬曰:「太子毋走,岳少保且退矣。」兀朮曰:「岳少保以五百騎破吾十萬,京城日夜望其來,何謂可守?」生曰:「自古未有權臣在內,而大將能立功於外者,岳少保且不免,況欲成功乎?」兀朮悟,遂留。飛既歸,所得州縣,旋復失之。飛力請解兵柄,不許,自廬入觀,帝問之,飛拜謝而已。

 

十一年,諜報金分道渡淮,飛請合諸帥之兵破敵。兀朮、韓常與龍虎大王疾驅至廬,帝趣飛應援,凡十七札。飛策金人舉國南來,巢穴必虛,若長驅京、洛以擣之,彼必奔命,可坐而敝。時飛方苦寒嗽,力疾而行。又恐帝急於退敵,乃奏:「臣如擣虛,勢必得利,若以為敵方在近,未暇遠圖,欲乞親至蘄、黃,以議攻卻。」帝得奏大喜,賜札曰:「卿苦寒疾,乃為朕行,國爾忘身,誰如卿者?」師至廬州,金兵望風而遁。飛還兵于舒以俟命,帝又賜札,以飛小心恭謹、不專進退為得體。兀朮破濠州,張俊駐軍黃連鎮,不敢進;楊沂中遇伏而敗,帝命飛救之。金人聞飛至,又遁。

 

時和議既決,檜患飛異己,乃密奏召三大將論功行賞。韓世忠、張俊已至,飛獨後,檜又用參政王次翁計,俟之六七日。既至,授樞密副使,位參知政事上,飛固請還兵柄。五月,詔同俊往楚州措置邊防,總韓世忠軍還駐鎮江。

 

初,飛在諸將中年最少,以列校拔起,累立顯功,世忠、俊不能平,飛屈己下之,幕中輕銳教飛勿苦降意。金人攻淮西,俊分地也,俊始不敢行,師卒無功。飛聞命即行,遂解廬州圍,帝授飛兩鎮節,俊益恥。楊么平,飛獻俊、世忠樓船各一,兵械畢備,世忠大悅,俊反忌之。淮西之役,俊以前途糧乏訹飛,飛不為止,帝賜札褒諭,有曰:「轉餉艱阻,卿不復顧。」俊疑飛漏言,還朝,反倡言飛逗遛不進,以乏餉為辭。至視世忠軍,俊知世忠忤檜,欲與飛分其背嵬軍,飛義不肯,俊大不悅。及同行楚州城,俊欲修城為備,飛曰:「當戮力以圖恢復,豈可為退保計?」俊變色。

 

會世忠軍吏景著[8]與總領胡紡言:「二樞密若分世忠軍,恐至生事。」紡上之朝,檜捕著下大理寺,將以扇搖誣世忠。飛馳書告以檜意,世忠見帝自明。俊於是大憾飛,遂倡言飛議棄山陽,且密以飛報世忠事告檜,檜大怒。

 

初,檜逐趙鼎,飛每對客嘆息,又以恢復為己任,不肯附和議。讀檜奏,至「德無常師,主善為師」之語,惡其欺罔,恚曰:「君臣大倫,根於天性,大臣而忍面謾其主耶!」兀朮遺檜書曰:「汝朝夕以和請,而岳飛方為河北圖,必殺飛,始可和。」檜亦以飛不死,終梗和議,己必及禍,故力謀殺之。以諫議大夫万俟禼與飛有怨,風禼劾飛,又風中丞何鑄、侍御史羅汝楫交章彈論,大率謂:「今春金人攻淮西,飛略至舒、蘄而不進,比與俊按兵淮上,又欲棄山陽而不守。」飛累章請罷樞柄,尋還兩鎮節,充萬壽觀使、奉朝請。檜志未伸也,又諭張俊令劫王貴、誘王俊誣告張憲謀還飛兵。

 

檜遣使捕飛父子證張憲事,使者至,飛笑曰:「皇天后土,可表此心。」初命何鑄鞠之,飛裂裳以背示鑄,有「盡忠報國」四大字,深入膚理。既而閱實無左驗,鑄明其無辜。改命万俟禼。禼誣:飛與憲書,令虛申探報以動朝廷,雲與憲書,令措置使飛還軍;且言其書已焚。

 

飛坐繫兩月,無可證者。或教禼以臺章所指淮西事為言,禼喜白檜,簿錄飛家,取當時御札藏之以滅迹。又逼孫革等證飛受詔逗遛,命評事元龜年取行軍時日雜定之,傅會其獄。歲暮,獄不成,檜手書小紙付獄,即報飛死,時年三十九。雲棄市。籍家貲,徙家嶺南。幕屬于鵬等從坐者六人。

 

初,飛在獄,大理寺丞李若樸何彥猷、大理卿薛仁輔並言飛無罪,禼俱劾去。宗正卿士㒟請以百口保飛,禼亦劾之,竄死建州。布衣劉允升上書訟飛冤,下棘寺以死。凡傅成其獄者,皆遷轉有差。

 

獄之將上也,韓世忠不平,詣檜詰其實,檜曰:「飛子雲與張憲書雖不明,其事體莫須有。」世忠曰:「『莫須有』三字,何以服天下?」時洪皓在金國中,蠟書馳奏,以為金人所畏服者惟飛,至以父呼之,諸酋聞其死,酌酒相賀。

 

飛至孝,母留河北,遣人求訪,迎歸。母有痼疾,藥餌必親。母卒,水漿不入口者三日。家無姬侍。吳玠素服飛,願與交驩,飾名姝遺之。飛曰:「主上宵旰,豈大將安樂時?」卻不受,玠益敬服。少豪飲,帝戒之曰:「卿異時到河朔,乃可飲。」遂絕不飲。帝初為飛營第,飛辭曰:「敵未滅,何以家為?」或問天下何時太平,飛曰:「文臣不愛錢,武臣不惜死,天下太平矣。」

 

師每休舍,課將士注坡跳壕,皆重鎧習之。子雲嘗習注坡,馬躓,怒而鞭之。卒有取民麻一縷以束芻者,立斬以徇。卒夜宿,民開門願納,無敢入者。軍號「凍死不拆屋,餓死不鹵掠。」卒有疾,躬為調藥;諸將遠戍,遣妻問勞其家;死事者哭之而育其孤,或以子婚其女。凡有頒犒,均給軍吏,秋毫不私。

 

善以少擊眾。欲有所舉,盡召諸統制與謀,謀定而後戰,故有勝無敗。猝遇敵不動,故敵為之語曰:「撼山易,撼岳家軍難。」張俊嘗問用兵之術,曰:「仁、智、信、勇、嚴,闕一不可。」調軍食,必蹙額曰:「東南民力,耗敝極矣。」荊湖平,募民營田,又為屯田,歲省漕運之半。帝手書曹操、諸葛亮、羊祜三事賜之。飛跋其後,獨指操為姦賊而鄙之,尤檜所惡也。

 

張所死,飛感舊恩,鞠其子宗本,奏以官。李寶自楚來歸,韓世忠留之,寶痛哭願歸飛,世忠以書來諗,飛復曰:「均為國家,何分彼此?」世忠嘆服。襄陽之役,詔光世為援,六郡既復,光世始至,飛奏先賞光世軍。好賢禮士,覽經史,雅歌投壺,恂恂如書生。每辭官,必曰:「將士効力,飛何功之有?」然忠憤激烈,議論持正,不挫於人,卒以此得禍。

 

檜死,議復飛官。万俟禼謂金方願和,一旦錄故將,疑天下心,不可。及紹興末,金益猖獗,太學生程宏圖上書訟飛冤,詔飛家自便。初,檜惡岳州同飛姓,改為純州,至是仍舊。中丞汪澈宣撫荊、襄,故部曲合辭訟之,哭聲雷震。孝宗詔復飛官,以禮改葬,賜錢百萬,求其後悉官之。建廟於鄂,號忠烈。淳熙六年,謚武穆。嘉定四年,追封鄂王。

 

五子:雲、雷、霖、震、霆。

 

雲


雲,飛養子。年十二,從張憲戰,多得其力,軍中呼曰「贏官人」。飛征伐,未嘗不與。數立奇功,飛輒隱之。每戰,以手握兩鐵椎,重八十斤,先諸軍登城。攻下隨州,又攻破鄧州,襄漢平,功在第一,飛不言。逾年,銓曹辯之,始遷武翼郎。楊么平,功亦第一,又不上。張浚廉得其實,曰:「岳侯避寵榮,廉則廉矣,未得為公也。」奏乞推異數,飛力辭不受。嘗以特旨遷三資,飛辭曰:「士卒冒矢石立奇功,始沾一級,男雲遽躐崇資,何以服眾?」累表不受。潁昌大戰,無慮十數,出入行陣,體被百餘創,甲裳為赤。以功遷忠州防禦使,飛又辭;命帶御器械,飛又力辭之。終左武大夫、提舉醴泉觀。死年二十三。孝宗初,與飛同復元官,以禮祔葬,贈安遠軍承宣使。

 

雷


雷,忠訓郎、閤門祗候,贈武略郎。霖,朝散大夫、敷文閣待制,贈太中大夫。初,飛下獄,檜令親黨王會搜其家,得御札數篋,束之左藏南庫,霖請於孝宗,還之。霖子珂,以淮西十五御札辯驗彙次,凡出師應援之先後皆可考。嘉定間,為籲天辯誣集五卷、天定錄二卷上之。震,朝奉大夫、提舉江南東路茶鹽公事。霆,修武郎、閤門祗候。

 

 

論曰:西漢而下,若韓、彭、絳、灌之為將,代不乏人,求其文武全器、仁智并施如宋岳飛者,一代豈多見哉。史稱關雲長通春秋左氏學,然未嘗見其文章。飛北伐,軍至汴梁之朱仙鎮,有詔班師,飛自為表答詔,忠義之言,流出肺腑,真有諸葛孔明之風,而卒死於秦檜之手。蓋飛與檜勢不兩立,使飛得志,則金讎可復,宋恥可雪;檜得志,則飛有死而已。昔劉宋殺檀道濟,道濟下獄,嗔目曰:「自壞汝萬里長城!」高宗忍自棄其中原,故忍殺飛,嗚呼冤哉!嗚呼冤哉!


Từ Tây Hán trở đi, như Hàn Tín, Bành, Giáng, Hoán làm tướng, đời đời không thiếu, nhưng tìm một người văn võ song toàn, nhân trí đều có, một đời làm sao thấy nhiều. Sử gọi Quan Vân Trường thống Xuân Thu Tả Thị học, nhưng chưa từng thấy văn chương của Trường. Phi bắc phạt, quân đến Chu Tiên Trấn gần Biện Kinh, có chiếu bãi sư, Phi tự viết biểu đáp chiếu, lời văn trung nghĩa, xuất tự đáy lòng, thật có cái phong khí của Gia Cát Khổng Minh, thế mà rốt cục chết trong tay Tần Cối. Cho nên Phi và Cối thế không thể cả hai đều có, khiến Phi đắc chí thì thù Kim có thể trả, Tống nhục có thể rửa; khiến Cối đắc chí, thì Phi chỉ có chết mà thôi. Xưa Lưu Tống giết Đàn Đạo Tề, Đạo Tề hạ ngục, mắt giận mà nói: "Tự phá vạn lý trường thành!" Cao Tông chịu từ bỏ trung nguyên, cho nên nỡ giết Phi. Than ôi oan thay! Than ôi oan thay!

KIM SỬ QUYỂN 98

完顏匡

完顏匡,本名撒速,始祖九世孫。事豳王允成,為其府教讀。大定十九年,章宗年十餘歲,顯宗命詹事烏林答願擇德行淳謹、才學該通者,使教章宗兄弟。閱月,願啟顯宗曰:「豳王府教讀完顏撒速、徐王府教讀僕散訛可二人,可使教皇孫兄弟。」顯宗曰:「典教幼子,須用淳謹者。」已而召見于承華殿西便殿。顯宗問其年,對曰:「臣生之歲,海陵自上京遷中都,歲在壬申。」顯宗曰:「二十八歲爾,詹事乃雲三十歲何也?」匡曰:「臣年止如此,詹事謂臣出入宮禁,故增其歲言之耳。」顯宗顧謂近臣曰:「篤實人也。」命擇日,使皇孫行師弟子禮。七月丁亥,宣宗、章宗皆就學,顯宗曰:「每日先教漢字,至申時漢字課畢,教女直小字,習國朝語。」因賜酒及彩幣。頃之,世宗詔匡、訛可俱充太子侍讀。

 

  寢殿小底駝滿九住問匡曰:「伯夷、叔齊何如人?」匡曰:「孔子稱夷、齊求仁得仁。」九住曰:「汝輩學古,惟前言是信。夷、齊輕去其親,不食周粟餓死首陽山,仁者固如是乎?」匡曰:「不然,古之賢者行其義也,行其道也。伯夷思成其父之志以去其國,叔齊不苟從父之志亦去其國。武王伐紂,夷、齊叩馬而諫。紂死,殷為周,夷、齊不食周粟,遂餓而死。正君臣之分,為天下後世慮至遠也,非仁人而能若是乎!」是時,世宗如春水,顯宗從,二人者馬上相語遂後。顯宗遲九住至,問曰:「何以後也?」九住以對,顯宗歎曰:「不以女直文字譯經史,何以知此。主上立女直科舉,教以經史,乃能得其淵奧如此哉。」稱善者良久,謂九住曰:「《論語》'知之為知之,不知為不知,是知也'。汝不知不達,務辯口以難人。由是觀之,人之學、不學,豈不相遠哉。」顯宗嘗謂中侍局都監蒲察查刺曰:「入殿小底完顏訛出、侍讀完顏撒速,與我同族,汝知之乎?」對曰:「不知也。」顯宗曰:「撒速,始祖九世孫。訛出,保活裏之世也。始祖兄弟皆非常人,汝何由知此。」

 

  顯宗命匡作《睿宗功德歌》,教章宗歌之,其詞曰:「我祖睿宗,厚有陰德。國祚有傳,儲嗣當立。滿朝疑懼,獨先啟策。徂征三秦,震驚來附。富平百萬,望風奔僕。靈恩光被,時雨春暘。神化周浹,春生冬藏。」蓋取宗翰與睿宗定策立熙宗,及平陝西大破張浚于富平也。二十三年三月萬春節,顯宗命章宗歌此詞侑觴,世宗愕然曰:「汝輩何因知此?」顯宗奏曰:「臣伏讀《睿宗皇帝實錄》,欲使兒子知創業之艱難,命侍讀撒速作歌教之。」世宗大喜,顧謂諸王侍臣曰:「朕念睿宗皇帝功德,恐子孫無由知,皇太子能追念作歌以教其子,嘉哉盛事,朕之樂豈有量哉。卿等亦當誦習,以不忘祖宗之功。」命章宗歌數四,酒行極歡,乙夜乃罷。

 

  二十五年,匡中禮部策論進士。是歲,世宗在上京,顯宗監國。三月甲辰,禦試,前一日癸卯,讀卷官吏部侍郎李晏、棣州防禦使把內刺、國史院編修官夾谷衡、國子助教尼龐古 鑒進稟,策題問「契敷五教,皋陶明五刑,是以刑措不用,比屋可封。今欲興教化,措刑罰,振紀綱,施之萬世,何術可致?」匡已試,明日入見,顯宗問對策雲何,匡曰:「臣熟觀策問敷教、措刑兩事,不詳'振紀綱'一句,只作兩事對,策必不能中。」顯宗命匡誦所對策,終篇,曰:「是亦當中。」匡曰:「編修衡、助教鑒長於選校,必不能中。」已而匡果下第。顯宗惜之,謂侍臣曰:「我只欲問教化、刑罰兩事,乃添振紀綱一句,命刪去,李晏固執不可,今果誤人矣。」謂侍正石敦寺家奴、唐括曷答曰:「侍讀二十一年府試不中,我本不欲侍讀再試,恐傷其志,今乃下第,使人意不樂。」是歲初取止四十五人,顯宗命添五人,僕散訛可中在四十五人,後除書畫直長。匡與訛可俱為侍讀,匡被眷遇特異,顯宗謂匡曰:「汝無以訛可登第怏怏,但善教金源郡王,何官不可至哉。」是歲,顯宗薨,章宗判大興尹,封原王,拜右丞相,立為皇太孫。匡仍為太孫侍讀。二十八年,匡試詩賦,漏寫詩題下注字,不取,特賜及第,除中都路教授,侍讀如故。」

 

  章宗即位,除近侍局直長,曆本局副使、局使,提點太醫院,遷翰林直學士。使宋,上令權更名弼,以避宋祖諱,事載《本紀》。遷秘書監,仍兼太醫院、近侍局事,再兼大理少卿。遷簽書樞密院事,兼職如故。承安元年,行院於撫州。河北西路轉運使溫昉行六部事,主軍中饋餉,屈意事匡,以馬幣為獻,及私以官錢佐匡宴會費,監察禦史姬端修劾之,上方委匡以邊事,遂寢其奏。三年,入奏邊事,居五日,還軍。尋入守尚書左丞,兼修國史,進《世宗實錄》。

 

  章宗立提刑司,專糾察黜陟,當時號為外台,匡與司空襄,參政揆奏:「息民不如省官,聖朝舊無提刑司,皇統、大定間每數歲一遣使廉察,郡縣稱治。自立此官,冀達下情,今乃是非混淆,徒煩聖聽。自古無提點刑獄專薦舉之權者,若陛下不欲遽更,不宜使兼採訪廉能之任。歲遣監察體究,仍不時選使廉訪。」上從其議,於是監察體訪之使出矣。

 

  初,匡行院於撫州,障葛將攻邊境,會西南路通事黃摑按出使烏都碗部知其謀,奔告行院為之備,迎擊障葛,敗其兵。按出與八品職,遷四官。匡遷三官。匡奏乞以所遷三官讓其兄奉禦賽一,上嘉其義,許之。改樞密副使,授世襲謀克。

 

  宋主相韓侂胄。侂胄嘗再為國使,頗知朝廷虛實。及為相,與蘇師旦倡議復仇,身執其咎,繕器械,增屯戍,初未敢公言征伐,乃使邊將小小寇鈔以嘗試朝廷。泰和五年正月,入確山界奪民馬。三月,焚平氏鎮,剽民財物,掠鄧州白亭巡檢家貲,持其印去。遂平縣獲宋人王俊,唐州獲宋諜者李忤,俊襄陽軍卒,忤建康人。俊言宋人於江州、鄂、嶽屯大兵,貯甲仗,修戰艦,期以五月入寇。忤言侂胄謂大國西北用兵連年,公私困竭,可以得志,命修建康宮,勸宋主都建康節制諸道。河南統軍司奏請益兵為之備。詔平章政事僕散揆為河南宣撫使,籍諸道兵,括戰馬,臨洮、德順、秦、鞏各置弓手四千人。詔揆遺書宋人曰:「奈何興兵?」宋人辭曰:「盜賊也。邊臣不謹,今黜之矣。」

 

  宋人將啟邊釁,太常卿趙之傑、知大興府承暉、中丞孟鑄皆曰:「江南敗衄之餘,自救不暇,恐不敢敗盟。」匡曰:「彼置忠義保捷軍,取先世開寶、天禧紀元,豈忘中國者哉。」大理卿畏也曰:「宋兵攻圍城邑,動輒數千,不得為小寇。」上問參政思忠,思忠極言宋人敗盟有狀、與匡、畏也合,上以為然。及河南統軍使紇石烈子仁使宋還,奏宋主修敬有加,無他志。上問匡曰:「於卿何如?」匡曰:「子仁言是。」上愕然曰:「卿前議雲何,今乃中變邪?」匡徐對曰:「子仁守疆圉,不妄生事,職也。《書》曰'有備無患',在陛下宸斷耳。」於是罷河南宣撫司,僕散揆還朝。

 

  六年二月,宋人陷散關,取泗州、虹縣、靈璧。四月,複詔僕散揆行省事於汴,制諸軍。頃之,以匡為右副元帥。揆請匡先取光州,還軍懸瓠,與大軍合勢南下。匡奏:「僕散揆大軍渡淮,宋人聚兵襄、沔以窺唐、鄧,汴京留兵頗少,有掣肘之患,請出唐、鄧。」從之。遣前鋒都統烏古論慶壽以騎八千攻棗陽,遣左翼提控完顏江山以騎五千取光化,右翼都統烏古孫兀屯取神馬坡,皆克之。匡軍次白虎粒,都統完顏按帶取隨州,烏古論慶壽扼赤岸,斷襄、漢路。宋隨州將雷大尉遁去,遂克隨州。於是宋鄧城、樊城戍兵皆潰。賜詔獎諭,戒諸軍毋虜掠、焚壞城邑。匡進兵圍德安,分遣諸將徇下安陸、應城、雲夢、漢川、荊山等縣,副統蒲察攻宜城縣取之。十二月,敗宋兵二萬人於信陽之東,詔曰:「卿總師出疆屢捷,殄寇撫降,日辟土宇。彼恃漢、江以為險阻,箠馬而渡,如涉坦途,荊、楚削平,不為難事,雖天佑順,亦卿籌畫之效也。益宏遠圖,以副朕意。」匡進所獲女口百人。詔匡權尚書右丞,行省事,右副元帥如故。

 

  吳曦以蜀、漢內附,詔匡先取襄陽以遮罩蜀、漢。完顏福海破宋援襄陽兵于白石峪,遂取穀城縣。僕散揆得疾,遂班師,至蔡,疾革,詔右丞相宗浩代之。七年二月,揆薨。匡久圍襄陽,士卒疲疫,會宗浩至汴,匡乃放軍朝京師,轉左副元帥,賜宴於天香殿,還軍許州。九月,宗浩薨,匡為平章政事,兼左副元帥,封定國公,代宗浩總諸軍,行省於汴京。

 

  初,僕散揆初至汴,既定河南諸盜,乃購得韓侂胄族人元靚,使行間于宋。元靚渡淮,宋督視江、淮兵馬事丘灊奏之宋主。是時,宋主、侂胄見兵屢敗以為憂,欲乞盟無以為請,得密奏,即命遣人護元靚北歸,因請議和。密使其屬劉佑送元靚申和議於揆,揆曰:「稱臣割地,獻首禍之臣,然後可。」宋主因密諭丘灊,使歸罪邊將以請焉。及宗浩代揆,方信孺至,宗浩以方信孺輕佻不可信,移書宋人,果欲請和當遣硃致和、吳琯、李大性、李璧來。侂胄得報大喜過望,乃召張岩于建康,罷為福建觀察使,歸罪蘇師旦,貶之嶺南。是時,李璧已為參政,不可遣。硃致知、吳琯已死,李大性知福州,道遠不能遽至。乃遣左司郎中王柟來,至濠州,匡使人責以稱臣等數事,柟以宋主、侂胄情實為請,依靖康二年正月請和故事,世為伯侄國,增歲幣為三十萬兩、匹、犒軍錢三百萬貫,蘇師旦等俟和議定當函首以獻。柟至汴,以侂胄書上元帥府,匡複詰之,柟懇請曰:「此事實出朝旨,非行人所專。」匡察其不妄,乃具奏。章宗詔匡移書宋人,當函侂胄首贖淮南地,改犒軍錢為銀三百萬兩。於是,宋吏部侍郎史彌遠定計殺韓柟胄,彌遠知國政,和好自此成矣。

 

  於是,廷議諸軍已取關隘不可與。王柟以宋參政錢象祖書來,略曰:

 

  竊惟昔者修好之初,蒙大金先皇帝許以畫淮為界。今大國遵先皇帝聖意,自盱眙至唐、鄧畫界仍舊,是先皇帝惠之于始,今皇帝全之于後也。然東南立國,吳、蜀相依,今川、陝關隘,大國若有之,則是撤蜀之門戶,不能保蜀,何以固吳?已增歲幣至三十萬,通謝為三百萬貫,以連歲師旅之餘,重以喪禍,豈易辦集。但邊隙既開和議,區區悔艾之實,不得不黽勉遵承。又蒙聖畫改輸銀三百萬兩,在本朝宜不敢固違,然傾國資財,竭民膏血,恐非大金皇帝棄過圖新,兼愛南北之意也。

 

  主上仁慈寬厚,謹守信誓,豈有意於用兵。止緣侂胄啟釁生事,迷國罔上,以至地斯。是以奮發英斷,大正國典,朋附之輩,誅斥靡貸。今大國欲使斬送侂胄,是未知其已死也。侂胄實本庸愚,怙權輕信,有誤國事,而致侂胄誤國者,蘇師旦也。師旦既貶,侂胄尚力庇之,囑方信孺妄言已死,近推究其事,師旦已行斬首。儻大國終惠川、陝關隘,所畫銀兩悉力祗備,師旦首函亦當傳送,以謝大國。

 

  本朝與大國通好以來,譬如一家叔侄,本自協和,不幸奴婢交鬥其間,遂成嫌間。一旦猶子翻然改悟,斥逐奴隸,引咎謝過,則前日之嫌便可銷釋,奚必較錙銖毫末,反傷骨肉之恩乎?惟吳、蜀相為首尾,關隘系蜀安危,望敢備奏,始終主盟,使南北遂息肩之期,四方無兵革之患,不勝通國至願。

 

  是時,陝西宣撫司請增新得關隘戍兵萬人。王柟狀稟,如蒙歸川、陝關隘,韓侂胄首必當函送,遵上國之命。匡奏曰:「關隘之事,臣初亦惑之,今當增戍萬人,壁壘之役,饋餫之勞,費用必廣。祖宗所以取者,以關隘僅能自保耳,非有益於戰也。設能入寇,縱之平地,以鐵騎蹂之,無一得脫。彼哀祈不已者,以前日負固尚且摧覆,今遂失之,是無一日之安也。必謂兵力得之不可還賜,則漢上諸郡皆膏腴耕桑之地,棗陽、光化歸順之民數萬戶,較之陝右輕重可知,獨在陛下決之耳。」詔報曰:「侂胄渠魁,既請函首,宋之悔服,可謂誠矣。」匡乃遣王柟還,複書曰:「宋國負渝盟之罪,自陳悔艾,主上德度如天,不忍終絕,優示訓諭,許以更成,所以覆護鎮撫之恩,至深至厚。昨奉聖訓,如能斬送韓侂胄,徐議還淮南地。來書言韓侂胄已死,將以蘇師旦首易之,飾辭相紿如此。至於犒軍銀兩欲俟歸關隘然後祗備,是皆有咈聖訓。及王柟狀稟,如蒙歸還川、陝關隘,其韓侂胄首必當函送。聖訓令斬送侂胄首者,本欲易淮南地,陝西關隘不預焉。王柟所陳亦非元畫事理,不敢專決,具奏。奉旨'朕以生靈為念,已貰宋罪,關隘區區豈足深較,既能函送韓侂胄首,陝西關隘可以還賜'。今恩訓如此,其體大國寬仁矜恤曲從之意,追修誓書,齎遣通謝人使赴闕。」

 

  王柟之歸也,匡要以先送叛亡驅掠,然後割賜淮南、川、陝,及彼誓書草本有犯廟諱字及文義有不如體制者,諭令改之。宋人以叛亡驅掠散在州縣,一旦拘刷,未易聚集。今已四月,農事已晚,邊民連歲流離失所,扶攜道路,即望複業,過此農時,遂失一歲之望。歲幣犒軍物多,非旬月可辦。錢象祖複以書來,略曰:「竊見大金皇帝前日聖旨,如能斬送韓侂胄首,沿淮之地並依皇統、大定已畫為定。又睹今來聖旨,既能送侂胄首,陝西關隘可並還賜。以此仰見聖慈寬大,初無必待發遣驅掠官兵,然後退兵交界之語。誓書草本添改處,先次錄本齎呈,並將侂胄首函送,及管押納合、道僧、李全家口一併發還。欲望上體大金皇帝畫定聖旨,先賜行下沿邊及陝西所屬,候侂胄首至界上,即便抽回軍馬,歸還淮南及川、陝關隘地界。所有驅掠官兵,留之何益,見已從實刷勘,發還,其使人禮物歲幣等已起發至真、揚間,伺候嘉報,迤邐前去界首,以俟取接。」

 

  匡得錢象祖書,即具奏,詔報曰:「朕以生靈之故,已從所請,稱臣割地,尚且闊略,區區小節,何足深較。其侂胄、師旦首函及諸叛亡至濠州,即聽通謝人使入界,軍馬即當徹還,川、陝關隘,俟歲幣犒軍銀綱至下蔡,畫日割賜。」匡得詔書,即以諭宋人,使如詔書從事。

 

  泰和八年閏四月乙未,宋獻韓侂胄、蘇師旦首函至元帥府,匡遣平南撫軍上將軍紇石烈貞以,侂胄、師旦首函露布以聞。五月丁未,遣戶部尚書高汝礪、禮部尚書張行簡奏告天地,武衛軍都指揮使徒單鏞奏告太廟,禦史中丞孟鑄告社稷。是日,上禦應天門,立黃麾仗,受宋馘。尚書省奏露布,親王百官起居上表稱賀。獻馘廟社,以露布頒中外。竿侂胄、師旦首並二人畫像于通衢,百姓縱觀,然後漆其首,藏之軍器庫。丙辰,匡朝京師,進官兩階,賜玉帶、金一百兩、銀一千五百兩,重幣三十端。罷元帥府仍為樞密院。六月癸酉,宋通謝使許弈、吳衡等入見。癸未,以宋人請和詔天下。

 

  十一月丙辰,章宗崩,匡受遺詔,立衛紹王。其遺詔略曰:「皇叔衛王,承世宗之遺體,鐘厚慶於元妃,人望所歸,歷數斯在。今朕上體太祖皇帝傳授至公之意,付畀寶祚,即皇帝位於柩前。載惟禮經有嫡立嫡、無嫡立庶,今朕之內人見有娠者兩位,已詔皇帝,如其中有男當立為儲貳,如皆是男子,擇可立者立之。」丁巳,衛紹王即位。戊午,章宗內人范氏胎氣有損。大安元年四月,平章政事僕散端、左丞孫即康奏:「承禦賈氏產期已出三月,有人告元妃李氏令賈氏詐稱有身。」詔元妃李氏、承禦賈氏皆賜死。初,章宗大漸,匡與元妃俱受遺詔立衛王,匡欲專定策功,遂構殺李氏。數日,匡拜尚書令,封申王。大安元年十二月,薨。

 

  匡事顯宗,深被恩遇。自章宗幼年,侍講讀最親幸,致位將相,怙寵自用,官以賄成。承安中,撥賜家口地土,匡乃自占濟南、真定、代州上腴田,百姓舊業輒奪之,及限外自取。上聞其事,不以為罪,惟用安州邊吳泊舊放圍埸地、奉聖州在官閒田易之,以向自占者悉還百姓。宣宗嘗謂侍臣曰:「撒速往年嘗受人玉吐鶻,然後與之官,此豈宰相所為哉?」


完顏綱


完顏綱,本名元奴,字正甫。明昌中,為奉禦,累官左拾遺。詔三叉口置捺缽。綱上疏諫,疏中有雲:「賊出沒其間」,詔尚書省詰問,所言不實,章宗以綱諫官,不之罪。遷刑部員外郎,綱言:「諸犯死罪除名移推相去二百里,並犯徒罪連逮二十人以上者並令就問,曾經所屬按察司審讞者移推別路,官亦依上就問。凡告移推之人皆已經本路按察審訖,即當移推別路。按察司部分廣闊,如上京路移推臨潢路,最近亦往復二三千里,北京留守司移推西北路招討司,最近亦須數月。乞依舊制,令移推官司追取其人歸問。」從之。

  故事,使夏國者夏人饋贈禮物,視書幾道以為多寡。泰和元年,綱為賜夏主生日使,章宗命齎三詔,左司員外郎孫椿年奏詔為一道,尋自陳首,上責宰臣曰:「椿年忽略,卿等奈何不奏也。」轉工部郎中,上言:「太府監官兼尚食局官,乞於少府監依此例,注能幹官一員兼儀鸞局官,儀鸞局官一員兼少府監官,相須檢治。」從之。四年,詔綱與喬宇、宋元吉編類陳言文字,綱等奏:「凡闕涉宮庭及大臣者摘進,其餘以省台六部各為一類。」凡二十卷。遷同簽宣徽院事。

  六年,與宋連兵,陝西諸將頗相異同,以綱為蜀漢路安撫使、都大提舉兵馬事,與元帥府參決西事,調羌兵之未附者。於是,知鳳翔府事完顏昱、同知平涼府事蒲察秉鉉分駐鳳翔諸隘,通遠軍節度使承裕、秦州防禦使完顏璘屯成紀界,知臨洮府事石抹仲溫駐臨洮,同知臨洮府事術虎高琪、彰化軍節度副使把回海備鞏州諸鎮,乾州刺史完顏思忠扼六盤,陝西路都統副使斡勒牙刺、京兆府推官蒲察秉彝戍虢華、扼潼關蒲津,陝西都統完顏忠本名嫋懶、同知京兆府事烏古論兗州守京兆要害,以鳳翔、臨洮路蕃漢弓箭手及緋翮翅軍散據邊陲。緋翮翅,軍名也。元帥右臨軍充右都監蒲察貞分總其事。

  宋吳曦以兵六千攻鹽川,鞏州戍將完顏王善、隊校僕散六斤、猛安龍延常擊走之,斬首二百級。七月,吳曦兵五萬由保坌、姑蘇等路寇秦州,承裕、璘以騎千餘擊之,曦兵大敗,追奔四十里。曦別兵萬人入來遠鎮,術虎高琪破之。

  青宜可者,吐蕃之種也。宋取河湟,夏取河西四郡,部落散處西鄙,其魯黎族帥曰冷京,據古疊州,有四十三族、十四城、三十余萬戶,東鄰宕昌,北接臨洮、積石,南行十日至筍竹大山,蓋蠻境也。西行四十日至河外,俗不論道裏,而以日計之雲。冷京卒,子耳骨延嗣,宋不能制,縻以官爵。傳六世至青宜可,尤勁勇得眾,以宋政令不常,有改事中國之意。曹佛留為洮州刺史。佛留材武有智策,能結諸羌。青宜可畏慕佛留,以父呼之,請舉國內附。朝廷以宋有盟不許,厚賜金帛以撫之。明昌間,屬羌已彪殺郡佐反,是時綱為奉禦,奉詔與曹佛留計事,因召青宜可會兵擊破已彪。曹佛留遷同知臨洮尹,兼洮州刺史。子普賢為洮州管內巡檢使。綱屢以事至洮,佛留每謂綱言青宜可願內屬,出其至情,綱輒奏之,上終不納。及綱部署陝西,上密敕經略西事。於是,曹佛留已死,普賢為懷羌巡檢使。綱至洮,馳召普賢攝同知洮州事。普賢傳箭入羌中,青宜可大喜,率諸部長,籍其境土人民,詣綱請內屬。綱奏其事,上以青宜可為疊州副都總管,加廣威將軍。詔青宜可曰:「卿統有部人,世為雄長,向風慕義,背偽歸朝,願效純誠,恆輸忠力,緬懷嘉矚,式厚褒旌。覽卿進上所受偽牌,朝廷之馭諸蕃固無此例,欲使卿有以鎮撫部族、增重觀望,是以特加改命,賜金牌一、銀牌二,到可祗承,服我新恩,永為籓衛。」曹普賢真授同知洮州事,綱遷拱衛直都指揮使,遷三階,安撫,都大提舉如故。以商州刺史烏古論兗州領、曹普賢押領、青宜可勾當。詔曰:「完顏綱,初行時汝未知朝廷有青宜可之事,獨言可以招撫,必獲其用,既而果來效順。今汝勿以青宜可兵勢重大,卑屈失體,亦勿以蕃部而藐視之。」

  九月,詔安慰陝西,略曰:「京兆、鳳翔、臨洮三路,應被宋兵逼脅,背國從偽,或沒落外境,若能自歸者,官吏依舊勾當,百姓各令複業,元拋地土依數給付。及受宋人旗榜結構等,或值驚擾因而避役逃亡,未發覺者,許令所在官司陳首,並行釋免,更不追究,軍前可用之人隨宜任使。限外不首,複罪如初。

  宋程松遣別將曲昌世襲方山原,自率兵數萬分道襲和尚原、西山寨、龍門等關。是日,大霧四塞,既又暴雨,和尚原、西山寨,龍門關戍兵不知宋兵來,松遂據之。蒲察貞遣行軍副統裴滿阿裏、同知隴州事完顏孛論以兵千人伏方山原下,萬戶奧屯撒合門、美原縣令術虎合遝別將壯士五百,取間道潛登,出宋兵上,自高而下,宋兵大駭,伏兵合擊,遂破之。貞乃分遣術虎合遝、部將完顏出軍奴率兵千人出黃兒谷取和尚原,同知會州事女奚列南家、押軍猛安粘割撒改率兵千人出大寧穀取西山寨,貞自以兵七百由中路取龍門等關。程松已焚閣道,貞且修道且進兵。至小關,松將楊廷據險注射,貞不得前,令行軍副統裴滿阿裏為疑兵,潛遣猛安胡信率甲士五十人繞出其後,反擊之,宋兵大亂,遂斬廷於陣。宋兵走二里關,複敗。宋將彭統領宋兵走龍門,追擊,大破之。合遝乘夜潛登和尚原絕頂,宋人驚以為神,皆散走,破其眾二千,生獲數十人。南家斬木開道以登西山,再與宋兵遇,皆敗之,遂盡複故地。

  宋吳曦將馮興、楊雄、李珪以步騎八千人入赤穀,將寇秦州。承裕、完顏璘、河州防禦使蒲察秉鉉逆擊,破之。宋步兵趨西山,騎兵走赤穀。承裕分兵躡宋步兵,宋步兵據山搏戰,部將唐括按答海率二百騎馳擊之,甲士蒙葛挺身先入其陣,眾乘之,宋步兵大潰,殺數百人,追者至皁郊城,斬首二千級。猛安把添奴追宋騎兵,殺千余人,馮興僅以身免,楊雄、李珪皆為金軍所殺。十月,綱以蕃、漢步騎一萬出臨潭,充以關中兵一萬出陳倉,蒲察貞以岐、隴兵一萬出成紀,石抹仲溫以隴右步騎五千出鹽川,完顏璘以本部兵五千出來遠。

  初,吳玠、吳璘俱為宋大將,兄弟父子相繼守西土,得梁、益間士眾心。璘孫曦太尉、昭武軍節度使、成都潼川府夔利等州路宣撫副使,泰和六年出兵興元,有窺關、隴之志,誘募邊民為盜,遣諜以利餌鳳翔卒溫昌,結三虞候軍為內應。昌詣府上變。曦遣諸將出秦、隴間,與綱等諸軍相拒。上聞韓侂胄忌曦威名,可以間誘致之,梁、益居宋上游,可以得志于宋,封曦蜀國王,鑄印賜詔,詔綱經略之。其賜曦詔曰:

  宋自佶、桓失守,構竄江表,僭稱位號,偷生吳會,時則乃祖武安公玠捍禦兩川。洎武順王璘嗣有大勳,固宜世胙大帥,遂荒西土,長為籓輔,誓以河山,後裔縱有欒黶之汰,猶當十世宥之。然威略震主者身危,功蓋天下者不賞,自古如此,非止於今。

  卿家專制蜀漢,積有歲年,猜嫌既萌,進退維谷,代之而不受,召之而不赴,君臣之義,已同路人,譬之破桐之葉不可以複合,騎虎之勢不可以中下矣。此事流傳,稔於朕聽,每一思之,未嘗不當饋歎息,而卿猶偃然自安。且卿自視翼贊之功孰與岳飛?飛之威名戰功暴於南北,一旦見忌,遂被三夷之誅,可不畏哉。故智者順時而動,明者因機而發,與其負高世之勳見疑於人,惴惴然常懼不得保其首領,曷若順時因機,轉禍為福,建萬世不朽之業哉!

  今趙擴昏孱,受制強臣,比年以來,頓違誓約,增屯軍馬,招納叛亡。朕以生靈之故,未欲遽行討伐,姑遣有司移文,複因來使宣諭,而乃不顧道理,愈肆憑陵,虔劉我邊陲,攻剽我城邑。是以忠臣扼腕,義士痛心,家與為仇,人百其勇,失道至此,雖欲不亡得乎?朕已分命虎臣,臨江問罪,長驅並騖,飛渡有期,此正豪傑分功之秋也。

  卿以英偉之姿,處危疑之地,必能深識天命,洞見事機。若按兵閉境,不為異同,使我師並力巢穴,而無西顧之虞,則全蜀之地,卿所素有,當加封冊,一依皇統冊構故事。更能順流東下,助為掎角,則旌麾所指,盡以相付。天日在上,朕不食言。今送金寶一鈕,至可領也。

  綱次臨江被詔,進至水洛,訪得曦族人端,署為水洛城巡檢使,遣持詔間行諭曦。曦得詔意動,程松尚在興元,未敢發,詐稱杖殺端,以蔽匿其事。松兵既敗,曦乃遣掌管機宜文字姚圓與端奉表送款。綱遣前京北府錄事張仔會吳曦於興州之置口,曦言歸心朝廷無他,張仔請以告身為報,曦盡出以付之,仍獻階州。

  朝廷以曦初附,恃中國為援,欲先取襄陽以為蜀漢遮罩,乃詔右副元帥匡先攻襄陽,詔略曰:「陝西一面雖下四州,吳曦之降朕所經略。自大軍出境,惟卿所部力戰為多,方之前人無所愧謝。今南伐之事責成卿等,區區俘獲不足羡慕,果能為國建功,豈止一身榮寵,後世子孫,亦保富貴。」匡得詔,乃移兵趨襄陽。十二月,曦遣果州團練使郭澄、仙人關使任辛奉表及蜀地圖志、吳氏譜牒來上。

  七年正月,召綱赴京師,以為陝西宣撫副使,進三階。還軍,吳曦遣郭澄進謝恩表、誓表、賀全蜀歸附三表,親王百官稱賀,朝廷以詔答之,並賜誓詔。郭澄朝辭,諭澄曰:「汝主效順,以全蜀歸附,朕甚嘉之。然立國日淺,恐宋兵侵軼,人心不安,凡有當行事務已委宣撫完顏綱移文計議。或有緊急,即差人就去講究。大定間,汝主嘗以事入覲,今亦多歲,朕嘉汝主之義,懷想不忘,欲得其繪像,如見其面。今已遣使封冊,俟回日附進。可以此意歸諭汝主。」詔以同知臨洮府事術虎高琪為封冊使,翰林直學士喬宇副之。詔高琪曰:「卿以邊面宣力,加之讀書,蜀人識卿威名,勿以財賄動心,失大國體。檢制隨去奉職,勿有違枉生事。」

  頃之,宋安丙殺吳曦。上聞曦死,遣使責綱,詔曰:「曦之降,自當進據仙人關,以制蜀命,且為曦重。既不據關,複撤兵,使丙無所憚,是宜有今日也。」於是,詔贈曦太師,命德順州刺史完顏思忠招魂葬于水洛縣。以曦族兄端之子為曦後。詔諭陝西軍士,略曰:「汝等爰自去冬,出疆用命,擐披甲胄,冒涉艱險,直取山外數州,比之他軍實有勤效。界外屯駐日久,負勞苦,恩賞未行,有司申奏不明,以致如此。朕已令增給賞物,以酬爾勞。惟是餘賊未殄,猶須經略。眷我師徒,久役未解,深懷憫念,寤寐弗忘。汝等益思體國之忠,奮敵愾之勇,協心畢力,建立功勳;高爵厚祿,朕所不吝。」

  宋人複陷階州、西和州,綱至鳳翔,詔徹五州之兵退保要害,五州之民願徙內地者厚撫集之。以近侍局直長為四川安慰使。蒲察貞撤黃牛戍,宋安丙乘之,連兵來襲,遂陷散關,鞏州鈐轄兀顏阿失死之。詔奪綱官一階,降兵部侍郎,權宣撫副使。遣戶部侍郎尼龐古懷忠按治綱以下將吏。懷忠未至陝西,綱、貞遣兵潛自昆谷西山養馬澗入,四面攻之,複取散關,斬宋將張統領、於團練。綱遣使奏捷,詔書獎諭,貞等釋不問。

  八年,宋獻韓侂胄、蘇師旦首,詔以陝西關隘還之,宋罷兵。綱還京師。是歲,章宗崩,衛紹王即位,除陝西路按察使,累官尚書左丞。至甯元年,綱行省事於縉山,徒單鎰使人謂綱曰:「高琪駐兵縉山甚得人心,士皆思奮,與其行省親往,不若益兵為便。」綱不聽。徒單鎰複使人止之曰:「高琪措畫已定,彼之功即行省之功。」綱不從。綱至縉山,遂大敗。

  胡沙虎斬關入中都,遷衛紹王于衛邸,命綱子安和作家書,使親信人召綱。綱至,囚之憫忠寺,明日,押至市中,使張霖卿數以失四川、敗縉山之事,殺之。

  貞祐四年,綱子權複州刺史安和上書訟父冤,略曰:「先臣綱在章宗時,招懷西羌青宜可等十八部族,取宋五州,吳曦以全蜀歸朝。胡沙虎無故見殺,奪其官爵。」詔下尚書省議:「謹按元年詔書雲,胡沙虎屢害良將,正謂綱輩也。」乃追複尚書左丞。弟定奴。


定奴


定奴與兄綱俱知名,充護衛,除平涼府判官,累官同知真定府。從平章政事僕散揆伐宋,加平南虎威將軍。兵罷,遷河南東路副統軍,三遷武勝軍節度使,入為右副點檢。大安二年,遷元帥右都監,救西京,改震武軍節度使。元帥奧屯襄敗績,定奴坐失期及不以軍敗實奏,降河州防禦使。遷鎮西軍節度使、河東北路按察轉運使。宣宗即位,改知歸德府。貞祐二年,改知河南府,兼河南副統軍。尋遷河南統軍使,兼昌武軍節度使。請內外五品以上舉能幹之士充河北州縣官。改簽樞密院事、殿前都點檢、兼侍衛親軍都指揮使。複為簽樞密院事、行院事兼知歸德府事,改兼武甯軍節度使,行院于徐州。召為刑部尚書、參知政事。興定三年,薨。

 

  贊曰:章宗伐宋之役,三易主帥,兵家所忌也。宋不知乘此以為功,猶曰有人焉?韓侂胄心強智疏,蘇師旦謀淺任大,函首燕、薊,南北皆曰賊臣,何哉?完顏匡、完顏綱皆泰和終功之臣,然匡隳忠於大安,綱罔難於至甯,富貴之惑人,乃如此邪?

KIM SỬ (QUYỀN 99)

徒單鎰


徒單鎰本名按出,上京路速速保子猛安人。父烏輦,北京副留守。鎰穎悟絕倫,甫七歲,習女直字。大定四年,詔以女直字譯書籍。五年,翰林侍講學士徒單子溫進所譯《貞觀政要》、《白氏策林》等書。六年,複進《史記》、《西漢書》,詔頒行之。選諸路學生三十余人,令編修官溫蒂罕締達教以古書,習作詩、策。鎰在選中,最精詣,遂通契丹大小字及漢字,該習經史。久之,樞密使完顏思敬請教女直人舉進士,下尚書省議。奏曰:「初立女直進士科,且免鄉、府兩試,其禮部試、廷試,止對策一道,限字五百以上成。在都設國子學,諸路設府學,並以新進士充教授,士民子弟願學者聽。歲久,學者當自眾,即同漢人進士三年一試。」從之。十三年八月,詔策女直進士,問以求賢為治之道。侍御史完顏蒲涅、太常博士李晏、應奉翰林文字阿不罕德甫、移刺傑、中都路都轉運副使奚釭考試鎰等二十七人及第。鎰授兩官,餘授一官,上三人為中都路教授,四名以下除各路教授。十五年,詔譯諸經,著作佐郎溫蒂罕締達、編修官宗璧、尚書省譯史阿魯、吏部令史楊克忠譯解,翰林修撰移刺傑、應奉翰林文字移刺履講究其義。鎰自中都路教授選為國子助教。左丞相紇石烈良弼嘗到學中與鎰談論,深加禮敬。丁母憂,起複國史院編修官。

 

  世宗嘗問太尉完顏守道曰:「徒單鎰何如人也?」守道對曰:「有材力,可任政事。」上曰:「然,當以劇任處之。」又曰:「鎰容止溫雅,其心平易。」久之,兼修起居注,累遷翰林待制,兼右司員外郎。獻《漢光武中興賦》,世宗大悅曰:「不設此科,安得此人。」

 

  章宗即位,遷左諫議大夫,兼吏部侍郎。明昌元年,為御史中丞。無何,拜參知政事,兼修國史。鎰言:「人生有欲,不限以制,則侈心無極。今承平日久,當慎行此道,以為經久之治。」章宗銳意于治平,鎰上書,其略曰:「臣竊觀唐、虞之書,其臣之進言於君曰'戒哉','懋哉',曰'籲',曰'都'。既陳其戒,複導其美。君之為治也,必曰:'稽於眾,舍己從人'。既能聽之,又能行之,又從而興起之。君臣上下之間相與如此。陛下繼興隆之運,撫太平之基,誠宜稽古崇德,留意於此,無因物以好惡喜怒,無以好惡喜怒輕忽小善,不恤人言。夫上下之情有通塞,天地之運有否泰。唐陸贄嘗陳隔塞之九弊,上有其六,下有其三。陛下能慎其六,為臣子者敢不慎其三哉!上下之情既通,則大綱舉而群目張矣。」進尚書右丞,修史如故。

 

  三年,罷為橫海軍節度使,改定武軍節度使,知平陽府事。先是,鄭王永蹈判定武軍,鎬王永中判平陽府,相繼得罪,連引者眾,上疑其有黨,或命節度定武,繼又知平陽焉。改西京留守。承安三年,改上京留守。五年,上問宰臣:「徒單鎰與宗浩孰優?」平章政事張萬公對曰:「皆才能之士,鎰似優者。鎰有執守,宗浩多數耳。」上曰:「何謂多數?」萬公曰:「宗浩微似趨合。」上曰:「卿言是也。」頃之,鎰拜平章政事,封濟國公。

 

  淑妃李氏擅寵,兄弟恣橫,朝臣往往出入其門。是時烈風昏噎連日,詔問變異之由。鎰上疏略曰:「仁、義、禮、智、信謂之五常,父義、母慈、兄友、弟敬、子孝謂之五德。今五常不立,五德不興,縉紳學古之士棄禮義,忘廉恥,細民違道畔義,迷不知返,背毀天常,骨內相殘,動傷和氣,此非一朝一夕之故也。今宜正薄俗,順人心,父父子子夫夫婦婦,各得其道,然後和氣普洽,福祿薦臻矣。」因論:「為政之術,其急有二。一曰正臣下之心。竊見群下不明禮義,趨利者眾,何以責小民之從化哉。其用人也,德器為上,才美為下,兼之者待以不次,才下行美者次之,雖有才能,行義無取者,抑而下之,則臣下之趨向正矣。其二曰導學者之志。教化之行,興於學校。今學者失其本真,經史雅奧,委而不習,藻飾虛詞,釣取祿利,乞令取士兼問經史故實,使學者皆守經學,不惑于近習之靡,則善矣。」又曰:「凡天下之事,叢來者非一端,形似者非一體,法制不能盡,隱於近似,乃生異論。孔子曰:'義者天下之制也。'《記》曰:'義為斷之節。'伏望陛下臨制萬機,事有異議,少凝聖慮,尋繹其端,則裁斷有定,而疑可辨矣。」鎰言皆切時弊,上雖納其說,而不能行。上問漢高帝、光武優劣。平章政事張萬公對曰:「高祖優甚。」鎰曰:「光武再造漢業,在位三十年,無沈湎冒色之事。高祖惑戚姬,卒至於亂。由是言之,光武優。」上默然。鎰蓋以元妃李氏隆寵過盛,故微諫雲。泰和四年,罷知咸平府。五年,改南京留守。六年,徙知河中府,兼陝西安撫使。

 

  僕散揆行省河南、陝西,元帥府雖受揆節制,實顓方面,上思用謀臣制之,由是升宣撫使一品,鎰改知京兆府事,充宣撫使,陝西元帥府並受節制。詔曰:「將帥雖武悍,久曆行陣,而宋人狡獪,亦資算勝。卿之智略,朕所深悉,且股肱舊臣,故有此寄。宜以長刺禦敵,厲兵撫民,稱朕意焉。」鎰言:「初置急遞鋪,本為轉送文牒,今一切乘驛,非便。」上深然之。始置提控急遞鋪官。自中都至真定、平陽置者,達於京兆。京兆至鳳翔置者,達於臨洮。自真定至彰德置者,達于南京。自南京分至歸德置者,達於泗州、壽州,分至許州置者,達于鄧州。自中都至滄州置者,達於益都府。自此郵達無複滯焉。

 

  七年,吳曦死,宋安丙分兵出秦、隴間。十月,詔鎰出兵金、房以分掣宋人梁、益、漢、沔兵勢。鎰遣行軍都統斡勒葉祿瓦、副統把回海、完顏摑刺以步騎五千出商州。十一月,葉祿瓦拔鶻嶺關,摑刺別將攻破燕子關新道口,回海取小湖關敖倉,至營口鎮,破宋兵千餘人,追至上津縣,斬首八百餘級,遂取上津縣。葉祿瓦破宋兵二千于平溪,將趨金州。宋王柟以書乞和,詔鎰召葉祿瓦軍退守鶻嶺關。八年正月,宋安丙遣景統領由梅子溪、新道口、硃砂穀襲鶻嶺關,回海,摑刺擊走之,斬景統領於陣。是歲,罷兵。鎰遷特進,賜賚有差。改知真定府事。

 

  大安初,加儀同三司,封濮國公。改東京留守,過闕入見。衛紹王謂鎰曰:「卿兩朝舊德,欲用卿為相。太尉匡,卿之門人,朕不可屈卿下之。」遷開府儀同三司,佩金符,充遼東安撫副使。三年,改上京留守。平章政事獨吉思忠敗績於會河堡,中都戒嚴,鎰曰:「事急矣。」乃選兵二萬,遣同知烏古孫兀屯將之,入衛中都。朝廷嘉之,征拜尚書右丞相,監修國史。

 

  鎰言:「自用兵以來,彼聚而行,我散而守,以聚攻散,其敗必然。不若入保大城,並力備禦。昌、桓、撫三州素號富實,人皆勇健,可以內徙,益我兵勢,人畜貨財,不至亡失。」平章政事移刺、參知政事梁絪曰:「如此是自蹙境土也。」衛紹王以責鎰。鎰複奏曰:「遼東國家根本,距中都數千里,萬一受兵,州府顧望,必須報可,誤事多矣。可遣大臣行省以鎮之。」衛紹王不悅曰:「無故置行省,徒搖人心耳。」其後失昌、桓、撫三州,衛紹王乃大悔曰:「從丞相之言,當不至此!」頃之,東京不守,衛紹王自訟曰:「我見丞相恥哉!」

 

  術虎高琪駐兵縉山,甚得人心,士樂為用。至甯元年,尚書左丞完顏綱將行省於縉山,鎰謂綱曰:「行省不必自往,不若益兵為便。」綱不聽,且行,鎰遣人止之曰:「高琪之功,即行省之功也。」亦不聽。綱至縉山,遂敗績焉。

 

  頃之,鎰墜馬傷足在告,聞胡沙虎難作,命駕將入省。或告之曰:「省府相幕皆以軍士守之,不可入矣。」少頃,兵士索人于閭巷,鎰乃還第。胡沙虎意不可測,方猶豫,不能自定,乃詣鎰問疾,從人望也。鎰從容謂之曰:「翼王,章宗之兄,顯宗長子,眾望所屬,元帥決策立之,萬世之功也。」胡沙虎默然而去,乃迎宣宗於彰德。胡沙虎既殺徒單南平,欲執其弟知真定府事銘,鎰說之曰:「車駕道出真定,鎬王家在威州,河北人心易搖,徒單銘有變,朝廷危矣。不如與之金牌,奉迎車駕,銘必感元帥之恩。」胡沙虎從之。至寧、貞祐之際,轉敗為功,惟鎰是賴焉。

 

  宣宗即位,進拜左丞相,封廣平郡王,授中都路迭魯都世襲猛安蒲魯吉必剌謀克。鎰尚有足疾,詔侍朝無拜。明年,鎰建議和親。言事者請罷按察司。鎰曰:「今郡縣多殘毀,正須按察司撫集,不可罷。」遂止。宣宗將幸南京,鎰曰:「鑾輅一動,北路皆不守矣。今已講和,聚兵積粟,固守京師,策之上也。南京四面受兵。遼東根本之地,依山負海,其險足恃,備禦一面,以為後圖,策之次也。」不從。是歲,薨。詔賻贈從優厚。

 

  鎰明敏方正,學問該貫,一時名士,皆出其門,多至卿相。嘗歎文士委頓,雖巧拙不同,要以仁義道德為本,乃著《學之急》、《道之要》二篇。太學諸生刻之于石。有《弘道集》六卷。


賈鉉


賈鉉,字鼎臣,博州博平人。性純厚,好學問。中大定十三年進士,調滕州軍事判官、單州司候,補尚書省令史。章宗為右丞相,深器重之,除陝西東路轉運副使。入為刑部主事,遷監察御史。遷侍御史,改右司諫。上疏論邊戍利害,上嘉納之,遷左諫議大夫兼工部侍郎,與党懷英同刊修《遼史》。

  鉉上書曰:「親民之官,任情立威,所用決杖,分徑長短不如法式,甚者以鐵刃置於杖端,因而致死。間者陰陽愆戾,和氣不通,未必不由此也。願下州郡申明舊章,檢量封記,按察官其檢察不如法者,具以名聞。內庭敕斷,亦依已定程式。」制可。複上書論山東採茶事,其大概以為「茶樹隨山皆有,一切護邏,已奪民利,因而以揀茶樹執誣小民,嚇取貨賂,宜嚴禁止。仍令按察司約束。」上從之。承安四年,遷禮部尚書,諫議如故。是時有詔,凡奉敕商量照勘公事皆期日聞奏。鉉言:「若如此,恐官吏迫于限期,姑務苟簡,反害事體。況簿書自有常程,御史台治其稽緩,如事有應密,三月未絕者,令具次第以聞。下尚書省議。如省部可即定奪者,須三月擬奏,如取會案牘卒難補勘者,先具次第奏知,更限一月結絕,違者准稽緩制書罪之。」

  上議置相,欲用鉉,宰臣薦孫即康。張萬公曰:「即康及第在鉉前。」上曰:「用相安問榜次?朕意以為賈鉉才可用也。」然竟用即康焉。

  泰和二年,興陵崇妃薨,上欲成服苑中,行登門送喪之禮,以問鉉,鉉對曰:「故宋嘗行此禮,古無是也。」遂已。改刑部尚書。泰和三年,拜參知政事。亳州醫者孫士明輒用黃紙大書「敕賜神針先生」等十二字,及於紙尾年月間摹作寶樣硃篆青龍二字,以誑惑市人。有司捕治款伏。值赦,大理寺議宜准偽造禦寶,雖遇赦不應原。已奏可矣。鉉奏:「天子有八寶,其文各異,若偽造,不限用泥及黃蠟。今用筆描成青龍二字,既非八寶文,論以偽造禦寶,非本法意。」上悟,遂以赦原。明日,上謂大臣曰:「已行之事,賈鉉猶執奏,甚可嘉也,群臣亦當如此矣。」

  泰和六年,禦試,鉉為監試官。上曰:「丞相宗浩嘗言試題頗易,由是進士例不讀書。朕今以《日合天統》為賦題。」鉉曰:「題則佳矣,恐非所以牢籠天下士也。」上曰:「帝王以難題窘舉人,固不可,欲使自今積致學業而已。」遂用之。久之,鉉與審官院掌書大中漏言除授事。上謂鉉曰:「卿罪自知之矣。然卿久參機務,補益弘多,不深罪也。」乃出為安武軍節度使,改知濟南府。致仕。貞祐元年薨。


孫鐸


孫鐸,字振之,其先滕州人,徙恩州曆亭縣。鐸性敏好學,遼陽王遵古一見器之,期以公輔。登大定十三年進士第,調海州軍事判官、衛縣丞,補尚書省令史。章宗為右丞相,語人曰:「治官事如孫鐸,必無錯失。」初即位,問鐸安在,有司奏為右都管,使宋。及還,除同知登聞檢院事。鐸言:「凡上訴者皆因尚書省斷不得直,若上訴者複送省,則必不行矣,乞自宸衷斷之。」上以為然。詔登聞檢院,凡上訴者,每朝日奏十事。詔刊定舊律,鐸先奏《名例》一篇。

 

  承安元年,遷左諫議大夫,改河東南路轉運使,召為中都路都轉運使。初置講議錢穀官十人,鐸為選首。承安四年,遷戶部尚書。鐸因轉對奏曰:「比年號令,或已行而中輟,或既改而複行,更張太煩,百姓不信。乞自今凡將下令,再三講究,如有益於治則必行,無恤小民之言。」國子司業紇石烈善才亦言:「頒行法令,絲綸既出,尤當固守。」上然之。泰和二年閏十二月,上召鐸、戶部侍郎張複亨議交鈔。複亨曰:「三合同鈔可行。」鐸請廢不用,詰難久之,複亨議詘。上顧謂侍臣曰:「孫鐸剛正人也,雖古魏徵何加焉!」

 

  三年,御史中丞孫即康、刑部尚書賈鉉皆除參知政事,鐸再任戶部尚書。鐸心少之,對賀客誦古人詩曰:「唯有庭前老柏樹,春風來似不曾來。」御史大夫卞劾鐸怨望,降同知河南府事。改彰化軍節度使,複為中都轉運使。泰和七年,拜參知政事。

 

  蒲陰縣令大中與左司郎中劉昂、通州刺史史肅、前臨察御史王宇、吏部主事曹元、戶部員外郎李著、監察御史劉國樞、尚書省都事曹溫、雄州都軍馬師周,吏部員外郎徒單永康、太倉使馬良顯、順州刺史唐括直思白坐私議朝政,下獄,尚書省奏其罪。鐸進曰:「昂等非敢議朝政,但如鄭人遊鄉校耳。」上悟,乃薄其罪。鐸上言:「民間鈔多,宜收斂。院務課程及諸窠名錢須要全收交鈔。秋夏稅本色外,盡令折鈔,不拘貫例,農民知之,迤漸重鈔。比來州縣抑配行市買鈔,無益,徒擾之耳。乞罷諸處鈔局,惟省庫仍舊,小鈔無限路分,可令通行。」上覽奏,即詔有司曰:「可速行之。」大安初,議誅黃門李新喜。鐸曰:「此先朝用之太過耳。」衛紹王不察,即曰:「卿今日始言之何耶?」既而複曰:「後當盡言,勿以此介意。」頃之,遷尚書左丞,兼修國史。議鈔法忤旨,猶以論李新喜降浚州防禦使。改安國軍節度使,徙絳陽軍。

 

  宣宗即位,召赴闕,以兵道阻。宣宗遷汴,鐸上謁於宜村,除太子太師。在疾,累遣使候問。貞祐三年,致仕。是歲薨。


孫即康


孫即康,字安伯,其先滄州人。石晉之末,遼徙河北實燕、薊,八代祖延應在徙中,占籍析津,實大興,仕至涿州刺史。延應玄孫克構,遼檢校太傅、啟聖軍節度使。即康,克構曾孫,中大定十年進士第。章宗為右丞相,是時,即康為尚書省令史,由是識其人。章宗即位,累遷戶部員外郎,講究鹽法利害,語在《食貨志》。除耀州刺史,入為吏部左司郎中。上謂宰臣曰:「孫即康向為省掾,言語拙訥,今才力大進,非向時比也。」宰臣因曰:「即康年已高,幸及早用之。」上問:「年幾何矣?」對曰:「五十六歲。」上複問:「其才何如張萬公?」平章政事守貞對曰:「即康才過之。」上曰:「視萬公為通耳。」由是遷御史中丞。

 

  初,張汝弼妻高陀斡不道,伏誅。汝弼,鎬王永中舅也,上由是頗疑永中。永中府傅尉奏永中第四子阿離合懣語涉不軌,詔同簽大睦親府事袴與即康鞫之。第二子神土門嘗撰詞曲,頗輕肆,遂以語涉不遜就逮。家奴德哥首永中嘗與侍妾瑞雲言:「我得天下,以爾為妃,子為大王。」袴、即康還奏,詔禮部尚書張暐複訊。永中父子皆死,時論冤之。頃之,遷泰甯軍節度使,改知延安府事。

 

  承安五年,上問宰相:「今漢官誰可用者?」司空襄舉即康。上曰:「不輕薄否?」襄曰:「可再用為中丞觀之。」上乃複召即康為御史中丞。泰和三年,除參知政事。明年,進尚書右丞。六年,宋渝盟有端,大臣猶以為小盜竊發不足恤。即康與左丞僕散端、參政獨吉思忠以為必當用兵,上以為然。

 

  上問即康、參知政事賈鉉曰:「太宗廟諱同音字,有讀作'成'字者,既非同音,便不當缺點畫。睿宗廟諱改作'崇'字,其下卻有本字全體,不若將'示'字依《蘭亭貼》寫作'未'字。顯宗廟諱'允','充'字合缺點畫,如'統'傍之'充',似不合缺。」即康奏曰:「唐太宗諱世民,偏傍犯如'{艸枼}'字作'筼'字,'泯'字作'泜'字。」乃擬「熙宗廟諱從'面'從'且'。睿宗廟諱上字從'未',下字從'簹'。世宗廟諱從'系'。顯宗廟諱如正犯字形,止書斜畫,'沇'字'鈗'字各從'口','兌悅'之類各從本傳。」從之,自此不勝曲避矣。進左丞。宋人請和,進官一階。

 

  舊制,尚書省令史考滿優調,次任回降。崔建昌已優調興平軍節度副使,未回降即除大理司直。詔知除郭邦傑、李蹊杖七十勒停,左司員外郎高庭玉決四十解職,即康待罪,有詔勿問。章宗崩,衛紹王即位,即康進拜平章政事,封崇國公。大安三年,致仕。是歲,薨。遣使致祭。


李革


    李革,字君美,河津人。父余慶,三至廷試,不遂,因棄去。革穎悟,讀書一再誦,輒記不忘。大定二十五年進士。調真定主簿。察廉,遷韓城令。同知州事納富商賂,以歲課軍須配屬縣,革獨不聽,提刑司以為能。遷河北東路轉運都勾判官、太原推官。丁母憂,起複,遷大興縣令、中都左警巡使、南京提刑判官、監察御史、同知昭義軍節度事。丁父憂,起複,簽南京按察事。

 

  泰和六年,伐宋,尚書省奏:「軍興,隨路官,差占者別注,闕者選補,老不任職者替罷,及司、縣各存留強幹正官一員。」革與簽陝西高霖、簽山東孟子元俱被詔,體訪三路官員能否,籍存留正官,行省、行部、元帥府差占員數及事故闕員,老不任職,赴闕奏事。改刑部員外郎,調觀州刺史兼提舉漕運,陝西西路按察副使,大興府治中。知府徒單南平貴幸用事,勢傾中外,遣所親以進取誘革,革拒之。貞祐二年,遷戶部侍郎。宣宗遷汴,行河北西路六部事,遷知開封府事,河南勸農使,戶部、吏部尚書,陝西行省參議官。

 

  四年,拜參知政事。革奏:「有司各以情見引用斷例,牽合附會,實啟幸門。乞凡斷例敕條特旨奏斷不為永格者,不許引用,皆以律為正。」詔從之。是歲,大元兵破潼關,革自以執政失備禦之策,上表請罪。不許,罷為絳陽軍節度使。興定元年,胥鼎自平陽移鎮陝西,革以知平陽府事,權參知政事,代鼎為河東行省。是時興兵伐宋,革上書曰:「今之計當休兵息民,養銳待敵。宋雖造釁,止可自備。若不忍小忿以勤遠略,恐或乘之,不能支也。」不納。太原兵後闕食,革移粟七萬石以濟之。二年,宣差粘割梭失至河東,於是晚禾未熟,牒行省耕毀清野。革奏:「今歲雨澤及時,秋成可待。如令耕毀,民將不堪。」詔從革奏。十月,平陽被圍,城中兵不滿六千,屢出戰,旬日間傷者過半。徵兵吉、隰、霍三州,不時至。裨將李懷德縋城出降,兵自城東南入。左右請革上馬突圍出,革歎曰:「吾不能保此城,何面目見天子!汝輩可去矣。」乃自殺。贈尚書右丞。

 

  贊曰:《傳》曰:「君子之言,其利博哉!」徒單鎰拱挹一語而宣宗立,厥功懋矣。賈鉉、孫鐸皆舊臣,鉉久致仕,鐸忤旨衛王,皆不復見用。徒單鎰亦外官,惟孫即康詭隨,乃驟至宰相。古所謂斗筲之人,即康之謂矣。鐸論李新喜,其言似漢耿育,有旨哉。貞祐執政李革,可謂君子,其進退之際,有古人為相之風焉。

Thứ Bảy, 17 tháng 2, 2024

HISTORY OF YUAN: BIOGRAPHY OF URYANGQADAI (CHAPTER 412): A TRANSLATION AND ANNOTATION (宋史孟珙傳注譯(卷412)注譯)

 1. 兀良合台,初事太祖。時憲宗為皇孫,尚幼,以兀良合台世為功臣家,使護育之。憲宗在潛邸,遂分掌宿衞。歲(乙)〔癸〕巳,[5]領兵從定宗征女真國,破萬奴於遼東。繼從諸王拔都征欽察、兀魯思、阿〔速〕、孛烈兒諸部。[6]丙午,又從拔都討孛烈兒乃、捏迷思部,平之。己酉,定宗崩。拔都與宗室大臣議立憲宗,事久未決。四月,諸王大會,[7]定宗皇后問所宜立,皆惶惑,莫敢對。兀良合台對曰:「此議已先定矣,不可復變。」拔都曰:「兀良合台言是也。」議遂定。

Uryangqadai at first served the emperor Yuan Taizu (Činggis qaγan). When Yuan Xianzong (Möngke) was his grandson, he was still a child. Because the Uryangqai had been esteemed servants through multiple generations, Yuan Taizu entrusted him the task of educating the young prince. When Yuan Xianzong was in Qiandi, Uryangqadai seperately headed the suwei (宿衞) (imperial guards). In guisi year, he commanded troops and followed Dingzong (Güyük) on an expedition against the state of the Jurchens. He crushed Wannu in Liaodong. He then followed the prince Batu to conquer the tribes such as Qipchaqs (1), Urus (2), Asu (3) and Poland (4). In the bingwu year, he followed Batu to campaign against the tribes Poland and Niemisi (4), and they pacified them. In the jiyou year, Dingzong passed away, Batu, together with other princes and chief ministers intended to elect Xianzong as the Qan, but the matters could not be settled for quite some time. In the fourth month, when princes gathered together for the kuriltai, the emperess of Dingzong asked who could be elected , and all was frightened to answer. Uryangqadai spoke up: "This matter has been settled already, no changes can be made." Batu also said: "What Uryangqadai said is true." As such, the final decision had been made.

(1) Rendered as Qincha (欽察), which is identified as Qipchaqs. See Stephen Pow "Subutai: Sorting facts from fiction surrounding the Mongol Empire's greatest general (With Translations of Subutai's two biographies in the Yuan Shi", page 54

(2) Rendered as Wulusi (兀魯思), identified as the Russian princedoms by Stephen Pow, see page 63

(3) Rendered as Asu (阿速), identified as Ossete tribes by Stephen Pow

(4) Rendered as (孛烈兒), identified by Bi Wei as Poland, see Bi Wei "The first contact between China and Poland in history", page 18, 26, 27. According to a different opinion, this name should be some Bulgarian tribes, see "Fortifications, defense systems, structures and features in the past", page 245.

(5) 捏迷思 has not been identified as any tribe in the West. It is believed that this name indicates certain German settlers in Transylvania. See "Fortifications, defense...", page 245

2. 憲宗即位之明年,世祖以皇弟總兵討西南夷烏蠻、白蠻、鬼蠻諸國,以兀良合台總督軍事。其鬼蠻,即赤禿哥國也。癸丑秋,大軍自旦當嶺入雲南境。摩些二部酋長唆火脫因、塔裏馬來迎降,遂至金沙江。兀良合台分兵入察罕章,蓋白蠻也,所在寨柵以次攻下之。獨阿塔剌所居半空和寨,依山枕江,牢不可拔。使人覘之,言當先絕其汲道。兀良合台率精銳立砲攻之。阿塔剌遣人來拒,兀良合台遣其子阿朮迎擊之,寨兵退走。遂并其弟阿叔城俱拔之。進師取龍首關,翊世祖入大理國城。

The next year after the coronation of Xianzong, Shies ordered his younger brother to be the overall commander of the army, which set out to conquer kingdoms that belonged to southwestern barbarians such as the Wuman, Baiman and Guiman. Uryangqadai assumed the true command of this expedition force. Guiman was the Chituge state. In the autumn of guichou year (Jan. 31-1253 till Feb. 20/1254), the total force departed the Zidan ridge and entered Yunnan territory. Two chieftains of the Moxie tribe, Suohuotuoyin and Talima came to offer submission. The army then crossed the Jinsha river. Here, Uryangqadai decided to divide his force to penetrate into the territory of the Chahanzhang, another name for the Baimans. All fortified places submitted to him in droves. One sole stronghold named Bankonghe, where Ataci stayed, was difficult to assault because it leaned on the mountain while was fronted by a river. Uryangqadai ordered his men to scout out the place, then commanded them to cut off their water supplies. He then selected picked troops to construct trebuchets in order to break down the fortification. Ataci led his men out to resist, only to be defeated by Uryangqadai's son Aju who led a force to greet him. The enemy retreated. Then the general asked Ataci's brother Ashu to capture the fortress. Uryangqadai then led his army to take Longshou Pass (Dragon Head Pass) and assist Yuan Shizu to enter the Dali capital.

3. 甲寅秋,復分兵取附都善闡,轉攻合剌章水城,屠之。合剌章,蓋烏蠻也。前次羅部府,大酋高昇集諸部兵拒戰,大破之於洟可浪山下,遂進至烏蠻所都押赤城。城際滇池,三面皆水,既險且堅,選驍勇以砲摧其北門,縱火攻之,皆不克。乃大震鼓鉦,進而作,作而止,使不知所為,如是者七日,伺其困乏,夜五鼓,遣其子阿朮潛師躍入,亂斫之,遂大潰。至昆澤,擒其國王段(智興)〔興智〕及其渠帥馬合剌昔以獻。[8]餘眾依阻山谷者,分命裨將也里、脫伯、押真掩其右,合台護尉掩其左,約三日捲而內向。及圍合,與阿朮引善射者二百騎,期以三日,四面進擊。兀良合台陷陣鏖戰,又攻纖寨,拔之。至乾德哥城,兀良合台病,委軍事於阿朮。環城立砲,以草填塹,眾軍始集,阿朮已率所部搏戰城上,城遂破。

In the autumn of jiayou year (Jan. 21-1254 till Feb. 8-1255), Uryangqadai divided his army to take the subordinate capital Shanchan, and then transferred his troops to attack Helachang fortress. The army massacred the population inside. The so-called Helachang was actually the Wuman. Uryangqadai's force arrived before the city Luobu. The great chieftain Gao Sheng gathered his men from various tribes to offer resistance, but they were crushed at the base of Yikelang mountain. The Mongols then advanced to the capital of the Wuman, the Yachi fortress. This place was by the lake Tianchi. All three sides were water. It was a deeply isolated and impregnable fortress. Uryangqadai must choose his brave men and led them operate trebuchets to destroy the northern gate. They fire-attacked it, and eventually captured it. Prior to this, they sounded drums and gongs like thunder. They beat the drums while advancing, but then also did so when they halted. This confused the enemy. This lasted for seven days and the enemy became exhausted. When the night came, Uryangqadai sounded the drum five times and ordered his son Aju to secretly entered the fortress. They slashed the enemy in chaos, and their foes were broken. As the army reached Kun marsh, they captured the king of Dali, Duan Xingzhi, and his commander Helaxi and sent them to the emperor. The remnants of the enemy relied on mountainous terrain to defend themselves. Uryangqadai separately ordered his subordinate commanders Yeli, Tuobo, Yazhen to take charge of the right wing, Qadai (Hetai) commanded the left wing; they agreed to make a deep advance into the enemy three days later. As the encirclement was enclosed, Uryangqadai and Aju made two hundred cavalry marksmen wait for three days. Then from all four sides, they made a total assault. Uryangqadai broke into the enemy's formation and engaged in intense fighting until he vanquished them. He was able to capture a fortified camp named Xian. When they finally arrived at Gandege citadel, Uryangqadai became ill and delegated commandership to his son Aju. Their army surrounded the citadel and built trebuchets, using straws to fill up the moats. As the army began to concentrate their force, Aju led his troops to storm the citadel and captured it.

4. 乙卯,攻不花合因、阿合阿因等城,阿朮先登,取其三城。又攻赤禿哥山寨,阿朮緣嶺而戰,遂拔之。乘勝擊破魯〔魯〕厮國塔渾城,[9]又取忽蘭城。魯魯厮國大懼,請降。阿伯國有兵四萬,不降。阿朮攻之,入其城,舉國請降。復攻阿魯山寨,進攻阿魯城,克之。乃搜捕未降者,遇赤禿哥軍於合打台山,追赴臨崖,盡殺之。自出師至此,凡二年,平大理五城八府四郡,洎烏、白等蠻三十七部。兵威所加,無不款附。

In Yimou (Feb. 9th--1255 to Jan. 28-1256), Uryangqadai assaulted the fortress Buhuaheyin and Ahe'ayin. Aju was the first to ascend the wall. Three fortresses were taken. The army then assaulted Chituge mountain fort. Aju moved along the mountain peek to fight, and eventually took it. Following up with this victory, he attacked the city Tahun of Tusi state, then successfully took Hulan fortress. Tusi state was shocked and submitted. Abo state had 40,000 troops and as such was not willing to surrender. Aju attacked them, entered their city. The state sent their submission to him. The army then attacked Alu mountain fortress, proceeded to reduce and took it. The army searched and hunted down those who did not surrender. They encountered Chituge army at Hedatai mountain, pursuing them to the mountain base and slaughtered them. Since the army departed up till now, it was already 2 years. They had pacified five cities, eight prefectures and four districts and thirty seven barbarian tribes such as Jiwu and Bai. The army's reputation increased, and no one dared not to surrender and submit.

5. 丙辰,征白蠻國、波麗國,阿朮生擒其驍將,獻俘闕下。詔以便宜取道,與鐵哥帶兒兵合,遂出烏蒙,趨瀘江,剗禿剌蠻三城,却宋將張都統兵三萬,奪其船二百艘於馬湖江,斬獲不可勝計。遂通道於嘉定、重慶,抵合州,濟蜀江,與鐵哥帶兒會。

In Bingchen year (Jan. 29-1256-Jan.1-1257), Uryangqadai continued to conquer Bai Man and Boli state. Aju captured their brave generals and submitted them to the court. An edict ordered them (Uryangqadai and Aju) to choose a more accessible road to unite with the force of Tiegedaier, then departed from Wumeng, followed the course of Lu river and take down Wulaman fortress, repelled 30,000 men led by Song general (or campaign commander) Zhang, while captured 200 of their boats in Mahu river. They slayed numerous enemies. Eventualy the path to Jiading and Chongqing was opened. The army reached Hezhou, crossed Shu river and united with Tiegedaier's force.

6. 丁巳,以雲南平,遣使獻捷於朝,且請依漢故事,以西南夷悉為郡縣,從之。賜其軍銀五千兩、綵幣二萬四千匹,授銀印,加大元帥。還鎮大理,遂經六盤山至臨洮府,與大營合。月餘,復西征烏蠻。

In dingyou year (Jan.17-1257 till Feb. 4-1258), because Yunnan has been pacified, Uryangqadai sent the victory announcement to the court. He requested, in reference to the tradition dating back to Han dynasty, to establish counties and prefectures in the territory of the southwestern barbarians. The emperor approved this. Uryangqadai's army was bestowed 5000 silver taels, 24,000 bolts of silks, while he was granted a silver seal and was promoted to be the Grand Marshal. Uryangqadai returned to Dali and stationed there, He crossed Lisbon mountain and approached Lintao prefecture before joining the great army's camp. Several months later, he was in a campaign against the Wuman.

7.秋九月,遣使招降交趾,不報。冬十月,進兵壓境。其國主陳日煚隔江列象騎、步卒甚盛。兀良合台分軍為三隊濟江,徹徹都從下流先濟,大(師)〔帥〕居中,[10]駙馬懷都與阿朮在後。仍授徹徹都方略曰:「汝軍既濟,勿與之戰,彼必來逆我,駙馬隨斷其後,汝伺便奪其船。蠻若潰走,至江無船,必為我擒矣。」師既登岸,即縱與戰,徹徹都違命,蠻雖大敗,得駕舟逸去。兀良合台怒曰:「先鋒違我節度,軍有常刑!」徹徹都懼,飲藥死。兀良合台入交趾,為久駐計,軍令嚴肅,秋毫無犯。越七日,日煚請內附,於是置酒大饗軍士。還軍柙赤城。

In the autumn, the ninth month, Uryangqaidai sent envoys to demand submission from Jiaozhi (Vietnam), but no news came from them. In the winter, the tenth month, his army was close to the border. The king of that state, Trần Nhật Cảnh, arrayed elephants and cavalry on the opposite side of the river, and his infantry was quite numerous. Uryangqadai divided his army into three parts to cross the river. Cecekdu followed the downstream and finished the crossing first. The main body occupied the middle, while the prince consort Huaidu and Aju commanded the rear-guard. Uryangqadai laid down his strategy to Cecekdu: "When your army finished crossing the river, do not immediately engage the enemy, they would certainly come to counter us. The prince consort shall followed closely to cut off their retreat, you would wait until an opportune moment to capture their boats. If the barbarians were broken and routed, they would be captured by us because there were no boats by the river. When Cecekdu's continent had landed on the opposite shore, they immediately engaged the enemy. Cecekdu disobeyed the command, and this led the enemy to safe retreat by boats, despite suffering a big defeat. Uryangqadai was enraged and said: "The vanguard of my army disobeyed me, they would be punished according to the army's discipline." Cecekdu was so scared that he committed suicide by consuming poison. Uryangqadai entered the territory of Giao Chi, and had plans to stay there long-term. The army observed strict discipline and did not engage in pillaging. After seven days, Trần Nhật Cảnh asked to become a subservient state. As such, Uryangqadai arranged a banquet to award the army. After that, his force returned to Yachi city.

8. 戊午,引兵入宋境,其地炎瘴,軍士皆病,遇敵少却,亡軍士四人。阿朮還戰,擒其卒十二人,其援復至,阿朮以三十騎,阿馬禿繼以五十騎擊走之。時兀良合台亦病,將旋師,阿朮戰馬五十匹,夜為禿剌蠻所掠,入告兀良合台曰:「吾馬盡為盜掠去,將何以行?」即分軍搜訪,知有三寨藏馬山顛。阿朮親率將士攀崖而上,破其諸寨,生擒賊酋,盡得前後所盜馬千七百匹,乃屠柙赤城。

In wuniu year (Feb. 5-1258 till Jan. 24-1259), Uryangqadai led his army to enter territory of Song dynasty. This place was rife with disease, and his men were all sick. They made small retreat upon encountering the enemy. Four men in the army died. Aju returned to fight and captured 12 men from the enemy. Their reinforcement arrived and Aju led 30 cavalry while Amatu followed him with 50 cavalrymen. Together they dispelled the enemy and forced them to retreat. At the time, Uryangqadai was already sick and was about to order his army to return. 50 warhorses of Aju was stolen by the Tula Man at night. Aju entered Uryangqadai's tent and informed him: "Our horses were all stolen, what should we do now." Uryangqadai immediately split his men so that they could ask for information. They learned that three fortified settlements hide their horses on the mountain top. Aju personally led his lieutenants and soldiers to mount to the mountain top, attacked the fortified places and captured their chieftains. They eventually took possession of 7000 horses which had been stolen. They massacred the population of Yachi city as a punishment.

9. 憲宗遣使諭旨,約明年正月會軍長沙,乃率四王騎兵三千,蠻、僰萬人,破橫山寨,闢老蒼關,徇宋內地。宋陳兵六萬以俟。遣阿朮與四王潛自間道衝其中堅,大敗之,盡殺其眾。乘勝擊逐,蹴貴州,蹂象州,入靜江府,連破辰、沅二州,直抵潭州城下。潭州出兵二十萬,斷我歸路。兀良合台遣阿朮與大納、玉龍帖木兒軍其前,而自與四王軍其後,夾擊破之。兵自入敵境,轉鬭千里,未嘗敗北。大小十三戰,殺宋兵四十餘萬,擒其將大小三人。其州又遣兵來攻,追至門濠,掩溺殆盡,乃不敢復出。壁城下月餘。時世祖已渡江駐鄂州,遣也里蒙古領兵二千人來援,且加勞問。遂自鄂州之滸黃洲北渡,與大軍合。

Xianzong sent an envoy to carry his edict to Uryangqadai, setting the date for him to join the main force to next year at Changsha. Uryangqadai then commanded four princes with 3000 cavalry and 10,000 Man and Bo ethnic troops to pierce through Hengshan fort, opening the road to Lashang Pass, occupying the territory of Song. Sixty thousand men of Song force arrayed in formation awaiting him. Uryangqadai sent Aju and the four princes to take a middle path to descend upon them, breaking into their most dense center, completely defeating and slaughtering them. Taking advantage of this victory, the army pursued the enemy to Guizhou, completely level Xiangzhou and entered Jinjiang Prefecture, while simultaneously assaulted Chenzhou and Ruanzhou, directly arrived at the walls of Tanzhou. Lanzhou sent off 200,000 troops to cut off our army retreat. Uryangqadai ordered Aju and Dana, Yulongtiemuer (Temur) to lead the vanguard; he himself together with the four princes commanded the rearguard. The two forces formed a pincer attack and broke the enemy. Since the time when our army entered enemy territory, we had marched and fought for a thousand li, yet suffered no defeats. We had engaged both small and great 13 engagements, butchered 400,000 Song troops, taking captive 3 high and low-ranking enemy generals. That prefecture (Tango) continued to send out detachments to attack us, only to be pursued up to Menhao, where almost all of them drowned. Thus they did not dare to dispatch troops anymore. Our force surrounded the city walls for more than 1 month. At the time, Shizu already crossed river and stationed at Ezhou. He sent Yelimenggu with a reinforcement of 2000 men to bolster Uryangqadai's army, while at the same time commend his merits. They then departed Xuhuang of Ezhou to head north and join force with the main army.

10. 庚申,世祖即位。夏四月,兀良合台至上都。後十二年卒,年七十二。子阿朮自有傳。

In gengshen year (Feb.13-1269-June.10-1260, the emperor Shizu (Qublai) ascended the throne. In summer, the fourth month, Uryangqadai arrived at Shangdu (the Upper Capital). Twelve years later, he passed away at 72. His son Aju has a separate biography.

Thứ Ba, 9 tháng 1, 2024

TÂN NGUYÊN SỬ (QUYỂN 123): GIẢ BIỆT TRUYỆN (JEBE NOYAN) (新元史-者別傳•卷123)

  Tân Nguyên Sử quyển 123: Giả Biệt (Jebe) Truyện (新元史-者別傳•卷123)

者別,別速特氏。託邁力汗第九子欽達臺之後也。國語九爲伊蘇,又轉爲別速。別速特人素附泰亦幾赤,與太祖交惡。太祖敗泰亦幾赤等於闊亦田之野,別速特部衆潰散,者別匿於林藪。太祖出獵見之,令博爾本追搏,乘太祖戰馬而住,馬口色白,國語名爲「察罕忽失文秣驪。」博爾本射者別不中,者別對其馬殪之,遂逸去。後與鎖兒罕失剌來降。太祖問:「闊亦田之戰,自嶺上射斷我馬項骨者爲誰?」者別日:「我也。若賜死止污一掌地,若赦其罪,願效命似報。」太祖嘉其不欺,遂赦而用之。先爲什長,遊控爲千戶。


  太祖即位五年,金人築烏沙堡,命者別襲殺其衆。六年,太祖自將伐金,以者別與亦古捏克爲前鋒,拔烏沙堡、烏月營。至居庸關,金人守禦甚固,者別遂回軍誘敵,金人悉出追之,大敗。者別入居庸,抵中都城下。復攻東京,不拔,夜引去。時已歲除,金人謂大軍已退,不設備。逾數日,者別倍道疾趨,突入其城,大掠而還。八年,金兵復守居庸,仍爲者別所取。


  十一年,太祖北還,時古出魯克盜據西遼,命者別征之。明年,師至垂河,所過城邑望風降附,古出魯克西奔。又明年,者別使曷思麥裏逾蔥嶺追之,及諸撒裏黑昆,斬其首以循。諸部軍中獲馬千匹,皆口白色者,歸獻於太祖曰:「臣請償昔者射斃之馬。十四年,太祖親征西域,以者別爲前鋒,速不台爲者別後援,脫忽察兒又爲速不臺後援,追西域主阿拉哀丁。西域主竄海島而死,俘其母、妻及珍寶以獻。復攻下西域各城,入其西北鄰部曰阿特耳佩佔,曰角兒只,曰失兒灣,皆望風款服。


  十六年,西域略定。太祖覆命者別與速不台進軍裏海之西,以討奇卜察克。軍入高喀斯山,奇卜察克、阿速、撒耳柯思等部據險邀之。者別以衆寡不敵,乃甘言誘奇卜察克謂:「我等皆同類,無相害意,何必助他族以傷同類?」奇卜察克,信其言而退。者別引軍出險敗阿速等部,急追奇卜察克,縱兵奮擊,殺其霍灘之弟玉兒格及其子塔阿兒,告捷於太子朮赤,請濟師。時朮赤駐軍於裏海東,分兵助之。十七年冬,新軍至,乘冰合,渡浮而嘎河,遂下阿斯塔拉干城。遇奇卜察克兵,又敗之,軍分爲二,懼引而西:一軍遣敗兵過瑞河,一軍至阿索富海之東南,平撒耳柯思、阿速等部,遂自阿索富海履冰以至黑海,入克勒姆之地。兩軍復合。


  霍灘遁入斡羅斯境,乞援於其婿哈力赤王穆斯提斯拉甫。哈力赤王集斡羅斯南部諸王於計掖甫,議出境迎擊。者別、速不台遣使十人來告:「蒙古所討者奇克察克,與斡羅斯無釁,必不相犯。奇卜察克素與貴國構兵,盍助我以攻仇敵?」斡羅斯諸王謂:「先以此言餌奇卜察克,今復餌我,不可信。」執十人殺之。者別、速不台復遣使謂:「殺我行入,曲在汝。天奪汝魄,自取滅亡。請一戰以決勝負!」庫灘又欲殺之。斡羅斯人釋之,約戰期。哈力赤王先以萬騎東渡帖尼博耳河,敗前鋒裨將哈馬貝,獲而殺之。諸王皆引兵從之。至喀勒吉河,與大軍遇。時斡羅斯軍分屯南北,南軍力計掖甫、扯耳尼哥等部,北軍爲哈力赤等部及奇卜察克之兵。哈力赤王輕敵,獨率北軍渡河,戰於孩兒桑之地。勝負未決。奇卜察克兵先遁,我軍乘之,斡羅斯兵大潰。哈力赤王走渡河,即沉其舟,後至者不得渡,悉爲我軍所殺。南軍不知北軍之戰,亦不知其敗,我軍猝至,圍其壘,三日不下。誘令納賄行成,俟其出,疾攻之,斬馘無算。我軍西至帖尼博河,北至扯耳尼可城及諾拂敦羅特城、夕尼斯克城而止。捷書至太祖行在,詔以馬十萬匹犒師,封朮赤於奇卜察克,以轄西北諸部。十九年,朮赤西行,者別與速不台歸朮赤部兵,自率所部東返。中道卒。


  初,者別名只兒豁忽阿歹,太祖以其射斃戰馬,賜名者別,國語梅針箭也。


  子忽生孫,爲千戶。忽生孫子哈拉,從旭烈兀入西域。者別弟蒙都薩窪兒,侍拖雷左右。其子烏勒思,亦入西域。者別後,在西域者甚衆。

Thứ Hai, 8 tháng 1, 2024

MÔNG NGỘT NHI SỬ KÝ (QUYỂN 29): GIẢ BIỆT (JEBE NOYAN) (蒙兀兒史記-者別傳•卷29)

 Nguyên Sử quyển 29: Giả Biệt (Jebe) Truyện (蒙兀兒史記-者別傳•卷29)


NGUYÊN SỬ (QUYỂN 119) BÁC NHĨ HỐT TRUYỆN (元史博爾忽•卷119)

 Nguyên Sử quyển 119: Bác Nhĩ Hốt Truyện (元史博爾忽•卷128)

博爾忽,許兀慎氏,事太祖為第一千戶,歿於敵。子脫歡襲職,從憲宗四征不庭,有拓地功。子失里門,鎮徼外,從征六詔等城,亦歿于兵。


子月赤察兒,性仁厚勤儉,事母以孝聞。資貌英偉,望之如神。世祖雅聞其賢,且閔其父之死,年十六召見。帝見其容止端重,奏對詳明,喜而謂曰:「失烈門有子矣。」即命領四怯薛太官。至元十七年,長一怯薛。明年,詔曰:「月赤察兒秉心忠實,執事敬慎,知無不言,言無不盡,曉暢朝章,言輒稱旨,不可以其年少,而弗陞其官。可代線真為宣徽使。」


二十六年,帝討叛者于杭海,眾皆陣,月赤察兒奏曰:「丞相安童、伯顏,御史大夫月呂祿,皆已受命征戰,三人者臣不可以後之。今勍賊逆命,敢禦天戈,惟陛下憐臣,使臣一戰。」帝曰:「乃祖博爾忽佐我太祖,無征不在,無戰不克,其功大矣。卿以為安童輩與爾家同功一體,各立戰功,自耻不逮。然親屬櫜鞬,恭衞朝夕,爾功非小,何必身踐行伍,手事斬馘,乃快爾心耶!」


二十七年,桑哥既立尚書省,殺異己者,箝天下口,以刑爵為貨。既而紀綱大紊。尚書平章政事也速答兒,太官屬也,潛以其事白月赤察兒,請奏劾之。桑哥伏誅,帝曰:「月赤察兒口伐大姦,發其蒙蔽。」乃以沒入桑哥黃金四百兩、白金三千五百兩,及水田、水磑、別墅賞其清彊。


桑哥既敗,帝以湖廣行省西連番洞諸蠻,南接交趾島夷,延袤數千里,其間土沃人稠,畬丁、溪子善驚好鬭,思得賢方伯往撫安之。月赤察兒舉哈剌哈孫答剌罕以為行省平章政事,凡八年,威德交孚,洽于海外;入為丞相,天下稱賢。世以月赤察兒為知人。


二十八年,都水使者請鑿渠西導白浮諸水,經都城中,東入潞河,則江淮之舟既達廣濟渠,可直泊於都城之匯。帝亟欲其成,又不欲役其細民,敕四怯薛人及諸府人專其役,度其高深,畫地分賦之,刻日使畢工。月赤察兒率其屬,著役者服,操畚鍤,即所賦以倡,趨者雲集,依刻而渠成,賜名曰通惠河,公私便之。帝語近臣曰:「是渠非月赤察兒身率眾手,成不速也。」


成宗即位,制曰:「月赤察兒盡其誠力,深其謀議,抒忠於國,流惠於人,可加開府儀同三司、太保、錄軍國重事、樞密、宣徽使。」大德四年,拜太師。


初,金山南北,叛王海都、篤娃據之,不奉正朔垂五十年,時入為寇。嘗命親王統左右部宗王諸帥,屯列大軍,備其衝突。五年,朝議北師少怠,紀律不嚴,命月赤察兒副晉王以督之。是年,海都、篤娃入寇。大軍分為五隊,月赤察兒將其一。鋒既交,頗不利。月赤察兒怒,被甲持矛,身先陷陣,一軍隨之,出敵之背,五軍合擊,大敗之。海都、篤娃遁去,月赤察兒亦罷兵歸鎮。厥後篤娃來請臣附。時武宗亦在軍,月赤察兒遣使詣武宗及諸王將帥議,曰:「篤娃請降,為我大利,固當待命於上,然往返再閱月,必失事機。事機一失,為國大患,人民困於轉輸,將士疲於討伐,無有已時矣。篤娃之妻,我弟馬兀合剌之妹也,宜遣使報之,許其臣附。」眾議皆以為允。既遣,始以事聞,帝曰:「月赤察兒深識機宜。」既而馬兀合剌復命,由是叛人稍稍來歸。


十年冬,叛王滅里鐵木兒等屯于金山,武宗帥師出其不意,先踰金山,月赤察兒以諸軍繼往,壓之以威,啖之以利,滅里鐵木兒乃降。其部人驚潰,月赤察兒遣禿滿鐵木兒、察忽將萬人深入,其部人亦降。察八兒者,海都長子也,海都死,嗣領其眾,至是掩取其部人,凡兩部十餘萬口。至大元年,月赤察兒遣使奏曰:「諸王禿苦滅本懷攜貳,而察八兒游兵近境,叛黨素無悛心,倘合謀致死,則垂成之功顧為國患。臣以為昔者篤娃先眾請和,雖死,宜遣使安撫其子款徹,使不我異。又諸部既已歸明,我之牧地不足,宜處諸降人於金山之陽,吾軍屯田金山之北,軍食既饒,又成重戍,就彼有謀,吾已擣其腹心矣。」奏入,帝曰:「是謀甚善,卿宜移軍阿答罕三撒海地。」月赤察兒既移軍,察八兒、禿苦滅果欲奔款徹,不見納,去留無所,遂相率來降,於是北邊始寧。


帝詔月赤察兒曰:「卿之先世佐我祖宗,常為大將,攻城戰野,功烈甚著。卿乃國之元老,宣忠底績,靖謐中外。朕入繼大統,卿之謀猷居多。今立和林等處行中書省,以卿為右丞相,依前太師、錄軍國重事,特封淇陽王,佩黃金印。宗藩將領,實瞻卿麾進退。其益懋乃德,悉乃心力,毋替所服。」四年,月赤察兒入朝,帝宴于大明殿,眷禮優渥。尋以疾薨于第。詔贈宣忠安遠佐運弼亮功臣,諡忠武。

附 塔察兒

塔察兒,一名倴盞,居官山。伯祖父博爾忽,從太祖起朔方,直宿衞為火兒赤。火兒赤者,佩櫜鞬侍左右者也。由是子孫世其職。博爾忽從太祖平諸國,宣力為多,當時與木華黎等俱以功號四傑。搭察兒,其從孫也,驍勇善戰,幼直宿衞。


太祖平燕,睿宗監國,聞燕京盜賊恣意殘殺,直指富庶之家,載運其物,有司不能禁。乃遣搭察兒、耶律楚材窮治其黨,誅首惡十有六人,由是巨盜屏迹。


太宗伐金,搭察兒從師,授行省兵馬都元帥,分宿衞與諸王軍士俾統之,下河東諸州郡,濟河破潼關,取陝洛。辛卯,從圍河中府,拔之。壬辰,從渡白坡,時睿宗已自西和州入興元,由武關出唐、鄧,太宗以睿宗與金兵相持久,乃遣使約期,會兵合進。即詔發諸軍至鈞州,連日大雪,睿宗與金人戰于三峯山,大破之。詔搭察兒等進圍汴城。金主即以兄子曹王訛可為質,太宗與睿宗還河北。搭察兒復與金兵戰于南薰門。癸巳,金主遷蔡州,搭察兒復帥師圍蔡。甲午,滅金,遂留鎮撫中原,分兵屯大河之上,以遏宋兵。丙申,破宋光、息諸州,事聞于朝,以息州軍民三千戶賜之。戊戌卒。


子別里虎䚟嗣為火兒赤。憲宗即位,歲壬子,襲父職,總管四萬戶蒙古、漢軍,攻宋兩淮,悉定邊地。戊午,會師圍宋襄陽,逼樊城,力戰死之。


次曰宋都䚟,至元七年,賜金虎符,襲蒙古軍萬戶。八年,悉兵再攻襄陽,圍樊城,進戰鄂、岳、漢陽、江陵、歸、峽諸州,皆有功。十二年,加昭毅大將軍,受詔為隆興出征都元帥,與李恒等長驅,而宋人莫當其鋒,戰勝攻取,望風迎降,盡平江西十一城,又徇嶺南、廣東。宋亡,還師,未及論功卒。


NGUYÊN SỬ (QUYỂN 119) BÁC NHĨ THUẬT TRUYỆN (元史博爾朮•卷119)

 Nguyên Sử quyển 119: Bác Nhĩ Thuật Truyện (元史博爾朮•卷128)

博爾朮,阿兒剌氏。始祖孛端察兒,以才武雄朔方。父納忽阿兒闌,與烈祖神元皇帝接境,敦睦隣好。博爾朮志意沉雄,善戰知兵,事太祖於潛邸,共履艱危,義均同氣,征伐四出,無往不從。時諸部未寧,博爾朮每警夜,帝寢必安枕。寓直於內,語及政要,或至達旦。君臣之契,猶魚水也。


初,要兒斤部卒盜牧馬,博爾朮與往追之,時年十三,知眾寡不敵,乃出奇從旁夾擊之,盜舍所掠去。及戰于大赤兀里,兩軍相接,下令殊死戰,跬步勿退,博爾朮繫馬於腰,跽而引滿,分寸不離故處,太祖嘉其勇膽。又嘗潰圍於怯列,太祖失馬,博爾朮擁帝累騎而馳,頓止中野,會天雨雪,失牙帳所在,臥草澤中,與木華黎張氊裘以蔽帝,通夕植立,足蹟不移,及旦,雪深數尺,遂免於難。篾里期之戰,亦以風雪迷陣,再入敵中,求太祖不見,急趨輜重,則帝已還臥憩車中,聞博爾朮至,曰:「此天贊我也。」


丙寅歲,太祖即皇帝位,君臣之分益密,嘗從容謂博爾朮及木華黎曰:「今國內平定,多汝等之力,我之與汝猶車之有轅,身之有臂,汝等宜體此勿替。」遂以博爾朮及木華黎為左右萬戶,各以其屬翊衞,位在諸將上。


皇子察哈歹出鎮西域,有旨從博爾朮受教,博爾朮教以人生經涉險阻,必獲善地,所過無輕舍止。太祖謂皇子曰:「朕之教汝,亦不踰是。」未幾,賜廣平路戶一萬七千三百有奇為分地。以老病薨,太祖痛悼之。大德五年,贈推忠協謀佐運功臣、太師、開府儀同三司,追封廣平王,諡武忠。


子孛欒台,襲爵萬戶,贈推誠宣力保順功臣、太師、開府儀同三司,追封廣平王,諡忠定。孫玉昔帖木兒。

孫 玉昔帖木兒

玉昔帖木兒,世祖時嘗寵以不名,賜號月呂魯那演,猶華言能官也。弱冠襲爵,統按台部眾,器量宏達,莫測其際。世祖聞其賢,驛召赴闕,見其風骨龐厚,解御服銀貂賜之。時重太官內膳之選,特命領其事。侍宴內殿,玉昔帖木兒起行酒,詔諸王妃皆為答禮。


至元十二年,拜御史大夫。時江南既定,益封功臣後,遂賜全州清湘縣戶為分地。其在中臺,務振宏綱,弗親細故。興利之臣欲援金舊制,併憲司入漕府;當政者又請以郡府之吏,互照憲司檢底。玉昔帖木兒曰:「風憲所以戢奸,若是,有傷監臨之體。」其議乃沮。遇事廷辯,吐辭鯁直,世祖每為之霽威。


至元二十四年,宗王乃顏叛東鄙,世祖躬行天討,命總戎者先之。世祖至半道,玉昔帖木兒已退敵,僵尸覆野,數旬之間,三戰三捷,獲乃顏以獻。詔選乘輿槖駝百蹄勞之。謝曰:「天威所臨,猶風偃草,臣何力之有?」世祖還,留玉昔帖木兒勦其餘黨,乃執其酋金家奴以獻,戮其同惡數人於軍前。


明年,乃顏之遺孽哈丹禿魯干復叛,再命出師,兩與之遇,皆敗之,追及兩河,其眾大衄,遂遁。時已盛冬,聲言俟春方進,乃倍道兼行過黑龍江,擣其巢穴,殺戮殆盡,哈丹禿魯干莫知所終,夷其城,撫其民而還。詔賜內府七寶冠帶以旌之,加太傅、開府儀同三司。申命禦邊杭海。二十九年,加錄軍國重事、知樞密院事。宗王帥臣咸禀命焉。特賜步輦入內。位望之崇,廷臣無出其右。


三十年,成宗以皇孫撫軍北邊,玉昔帖木兒輔行,請授皇孫以儲闈舊璽,詔從之。


三十一年,世祖崩,皇孫南還。宗室諸王會于上都。定策之際,玉昔帖木兒起謂晉王甘麻剌曰;「宮車晏駕,已踰三月,神器不可久虛,宗祧不可乏主。疇昔儲闈符璽既有所歸,王為宗盟之長,奚俟而不言?」甘麻剌遽曰:「皇帝踐祚,願北面事之。」於是宗親大臣合辭勸進,玉昔帖木兒復坐,曰:「大事已定,吾死且無憾。」皇孫遂即位。進秩太師,賜以尚方玉帶寶服,還鎮北邊。


元貞元年冬,議邊事入朝,兩宮錫宴,如家人禮。賜其妻禿忽魯宴服,及他珍寶。十一月,以疾薨。大德五年,詔贈宣忠同德弼亮功臣,依前太師、開府儀同三司、錄軍國重事、御史大夫,追封廣平王,諡曰貞憲。


子三人:木剌忽,仍襲爵為萬戶;次脫憐;次脫脫哈,為御史大夫。

TAM TRIỀU BẮC ĐIỂN HỘI MINH (QUYỂN 1) CHÚ DỊCH (三朝北盟會編(卷1)注譯)

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